Caloric restriction has been known for nearly a century to extend life span and delay age-associated pathology in laboratory animals. More recently, alternative “antiaging” diet modalities have been described that provide new mechanistic insights and potential clinical applications. These include intermittent fasting, fasting-mimicking diets, ketogenic diets, time-restricted feeding, protein restriction, and dietary restriction of specific amino acids. Despite mainstream popularization of some of these diets, many questions remain about their efficacy outside of a laboratory setting. Studies of these interventions support at least partially overlapping mechanisms of action and provide insights into what appear to be highly conserved mechanisms of biological aging.

中文翻译：

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抗衰老饮食：事实与虚构的区别

近一个世纪以来，人们就知道热量限制可以延长实验动物的寿命并延缓与年龄相关的病理学。最近，已经描述了替代的“抗衰老”饮食方式，它们提供了新的机制见解和潜在的临床应用。这些包括间歇性禁食、模仿禁食的饮食、生酮饮食、限时喂养、蛋白质限制和特定氨基酸的饮食限制。尽管其中一些饮食在主流中得到普及，但关于它们在实验室环境之外的功效仍然存在许多问题。这些干预措施的研究至少支持部分重叠的作用机制，并提供了对似乎高度保守的生物衰老机制的见解。