The hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/Orx) system in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus has been recognized as a critical node in a complex network of neuronal systems controlling both physiology and behavior in vertebrates. Our understanding of the Hcrt/Orx system and its array of functions and actions has grown exponentially in merely 2 decades. This review will examine the latest progress in discerning the roles played by the Hcrt/Orx system in regulating homeostatic functions and in executing instinctive and learned behaviors. Furthermore, the gaps that currently exist in our knowledge of sex-related differences in this field of study are discussed.

中文翻译：

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从分子到行为：从性别依赖的角度重新审视伪君子/食欲素。

下丘脑周围外侧的伪君子/食欲素 (Hcrt/Orx) 系统已被认为是控制脊椎动物生理和行为的复杂神经元系统网络中的关键节点。我们对 Hcrt/Orx 系统及其一系列功能和作用的理解在短短 2 年内呈指数级增长。这篇综述将检查在辨别 Hcrt/Orx 系统在调节体内平衡功能和执行本能和习得行为方面所发挥作用的最新进展。此外，还讨论了我们目前对这一研究领域中与性别相关的差异的了解存在的差距。