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Surfaces and Air Contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Using High-Flow Nasal Oxygenation or Assisted Mechanical Ventilation in Intensive Care Unit Rooms of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
The Journal of Infectious Diseases ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-09 , DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab564
Anne-Laure Lebreil 1 , Vincent Greux 2 , Marie Glenet 1 , Antoine Huguenin 3, 4 , Yohan N'Guyen 1, 5 , Fatma Berri 1 , Odile Bajolet 6 , Bruno Mourvillier 1, 2 , Laurent Andreoletti 1, 7
Affiliation  

Background Understanding patterns of environmental contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential for infection prevention policies. Methods We screened surfaces and air samples from single-bed intensive-care unit rooms of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and viable viruses. Results We evidenced viral RNA environmental contamination in 76% of 100 surfaces samples and in 30% of 40 air samples without any viable virus detection by cell culture assays. No significant differences of viral RNA levels on surfaces and in ambient air were observed between rooms of patients with assisted mechanical ventilation and those of patients with a high-flow nasal cannula system. Using an original experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection model of surfaces, we determined that infectious viruses may have been present on benches within 15 hours before the time of sampling in patient rooms. Conclusions We observed that SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination around patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in single-bed ICU rooms was extensive and that a high-flow nasal cannula system did not generate more viral aerosolization than a mechanical ventilation system in patients with COVID-19. Despite an absence of SARS-CoV-2 viable particles in study samples, our experimental model confirmed the need to apply strict environmental disinfection procedures and classic standard and droplet precautions in ICU wards.

中文翻译:

在 2019 年冠状病毒病患者的重症监护室使用高流量鼻氧合或辅助机械通气造成严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 的表面和空气污染

背景 了解严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 造成的环境污染模式对于预防感染政策至关重要。方法 我们对 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 成年患者的单床重症监护室的表面和空气样本进行了 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 和活病毒筛查。结果 我们在 100 个表面样本中的 76% 和 40 个空气样本中的 30% 中证实了病毒 RNA 环境污染,而没有通过细胞培养分析检测到任何活病毒。在辅助机械通气患者的房间和高流量鼻导管系统患者的房间之间,没有观察到表面和环境空气中的病毒 RNA 水平存在显着差异。使用原始的实验性 SARS-CoV-2 感染表面模型,我们确定在病房取样前 15 小时内,长凳上可能已经存在传染性病毒。结论 我们观察到,在单床 ICU 病房住院的 COVID-19 患者周围的 SARS-CoV-2 环境污染很广泛,并且在 COVID 患者中,高流量鼻插管系统不会比机械通气系统产生更多的病毒雾化。 -19。尽管研究样本中没有 SARS-CoV-2 活颗粒,但我们的实验模型证实了在 ICU 病房中应用严格的环境消毒程序以及经典标准和飞沫预防措施的必要性。结论 我们观察到,在单床 ICU 病房住院的 COVID-19 患者周围的 SARS-CoV-2 环境污染很广泛,并且在 COVID 患者中,高流量鼻插管系统不会比机械通气系统产生更多的病毒雾化。 -19。尽管研究样本中没有 SARS-CoV-2 活颗粒,但我们的实验模型证实了在 ICU 病房中应用严格的环境消毒程序以及经典标准和飞沫预防措施的必要性。结论 我们观察到,在单床 ICU 病房住院的 COVID-19 患者周围的 SARS-CoV-2 环境污染很广泛,并且在 COVID 患者中,高流量鼻插管系统不会比机械通气系统产生更多的病毒雾化。 -19。尽管研究样本中没有 SARS-CoV-2 活颗粒,但我们的实验模型证实了在 ICU 病房中应用严格的环境消毒程序以及经典标准和飞沫预防措施的必要性。
更新日期:2021-11-09
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