Illuminating or imaging samples from a broad angular range is essential in a wide variety of computational 3D imaging and resolution-enhancement techniques, such as optical projection tomography, optical diffraction tomography, synthetic aperture microscopy, Fourier ptychographic microscopy, structured illumination microscopy, photogrammetry, and optical coherence refraction tomography. The wider the angular coverage, the better the resolution enhancement or 3D-resolving capabilities. However, achieving such angular ranges is a practical challenge, especially when approaching ${\pm}{90^ \circ}$ or beyond. Often, researchers resort to expensive, proprietary high numerical aperture (NA) objectives or to rotating the sample or source-detector pair, which sacrifices temporal resolution or perturbs the sample. Here, we propose several new strategies for multiangle imaging approaching 4pi steradians using concave parabolic or ellipsoidal mirrors and fast, low rotational inertia scanners, such as galvanometers. We derive theoretically and empirically relations between a variety of system parameters (e.g., NA, wavelength, focal length, telecentricity) and achievable fields of view (FOVs) and importantly show that intrinsic tilt aberrations do not restrict FOV for many multiview imaging applications, contrary to conventional wisdom. Finally, we present strategies for avoiding spherical aberrations at obliquely illuminated flat boundaries. Our simple designs allow for high-speed multiangle imaging for microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic applications.

中文翻译：

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使用圆锥截面镜接近 4pi 球面度的高速多视图成像：理论和实践考虑

在各种计算 3D 成像和分辨率增强技术（例如光学投影断层扫描、光学衍射断层扫描、合成孔径显微镜、傅里叶 ptychographic 显微镜、结构照明显微镜、摄影测量和光学相干折射断层扫描。角度覆盖范围越广，分辨率增强或 3D 解析能力就越好。然而，实现这样的角度范围是一个实际挑战，特别是当接近${\pm}{90^\circ}$或超越。通常，研究人员采用昂贵的专有高数值孔径 (NA) 物镜或旋转样品或源-检测器对，这会牺牲时间分辨率或扰乱样品。在这里，我们提出了几种新策略，用于使用凹面抛物面镜或椭球面镜和快速、低转动惯量的扫描仪（例如检流计）接近 4pi 球面度的多角度成像。我们从理论上和经验上推导出各种系统参数（例如，NA、波长、焦距、远心度）和可实现的视场 (FOV) 之间的关系，并且重要的是表明固有倾斜像差不会与传统观点相反，限制了许多多视图成像应用的 FOV。最后，我们提出了在倾斜照明的平坦边界处避免球面像差的策略。我们的简单设计允许在微观、介观和宏观应用中进行高速多角度成像。