Background:Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA). However, implementation of some of the procedures involved, particularly in vivo exposure, can be time consuming and taxing for routine health care services. CBT with exposure taking place in virtual reality (VR-CBT) is a more time-efficient option and has shown promising results in the treatment of PDA. However, VR-CBT requires expensive equipment and appropriate virtual environments, which historically has been costly and cumbersome to produce. Thus, access to VR-CBT has been sparse in regular care environments.Aims:The aim of this study was to investigate whether VR-CBT using filmed virtual environments produced with a low-cost 360-degree film camera can be a feasible and acceptable treatment for PDA when implemented in a primary care context.Method:This was an open feasibility trial with a within-group design, with assessments conducted at pre-test, post-test, and 6-month follow-up. Participants (n = 12) received a 10–12 week treatment programme of VR-CBT and PDA-related symptoms were assessed by the primary outcome measure The Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia (MIA) and the Panic-Disorder Severity Scale-Self Rated (PDSS-SR).Results:The results showed that treatment satisfaction was high and participants were significantly improved on PDA-related measures at post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up with large effect sizes (Cohen’s d range = 1.46–2.82). All 12 participants completed the treatment.Conclusions:These findings suggest that VR-CBT with 360-degree video virtual environments delivered to primary care patients with PDA is feasible, acceptable, and potentially efficacious.

中文翻译：

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在 CBT 中使用 360 度视频进行虚拟现实暴露治疗伴有广场恐惧症的恐慌症：可行性研究

背景：认知行为疗法（CBT）是治疗广场恐惧症（PDA）惊恐障碍的有效方法。然而，一些涉及的程序的实施，特别是体内暴露，对于日常医疗保健服务来说可能是耗时和繁重的。在虚拟现实中进行曝光的 CBT (VR-CBT) 是一种更省时的选择，并且在 PDA 的治疗中显示出有希望的结果。然而，VR-CBT 需要昂贵的设备和适当的虚拟环境，这在历史上生产起来既昂贵又麻烦。因此，在常规护理环境中获得 VR-CBT 的机会很少。 目的：本研究的目的是调查使用低成本 360 度胶片相机制作的虚拟拍摄环境的 VR-CBT 是否可行和可接受在初级保健环境中实施 PDA 治疗。方法：这是一项采用组内设计的开放式可行性试验，在测试前、测试后和 6 个月的随访中进行评估。参加者（n= 12) 接受了 10-12 周的 VR-CBT 治疗计划，PDA 相关症状通过主要结果指标进行评估.结果：结果显示，治疗满意度高，参与者在治疗后和 6 个月随访时 PDA 相关措施显着改善，且效应量较大（Cohen'sd范围 = 1.46–2.82）。所有 12 名参与者都完成了治疗。结论：这些研究结果表明，为 PDA 初级保健患者提供具有 360 度视频虚拟环境的 VR-CBT 是可行的、可接受的，并且可能有效。