ABSTRACT

The effect of fallow tillage practices such as subsoiling and deep plowing on soil water storage and grain yields of dryland wheat has been frequently studied. However, the layered characteristics of water storage and their correlations with yield formation under each tillage were less investigated across several years. A randomized complete block design was conducted to investigate the effects of three tillage practices (NT, no-tillage; SS, subsoiling; DP, deep plowing) on soil water storage (SWS), yield structure, precipitation use efficiency (PUE), water use efficiency (WUE) and grain quality of dryland wheat for three consecutive years. The use of SS and DP increased SWS of 0–200 cm soil depths by 3.1% and 7.9% compared with NT over the 3 years. Subsoiling was more favorable for SWS in the 100–200 cm sublayer, while DP strongly increased the effect on the 0–100 cm upper layer. The grain yields, PUEs and WUEs under SS and DP were greater than those in NT. Grain yield had great correlation with SWS_0-100cm. Protein content and most grain quality indicators under SS and DP decreased. Grain qualities exhibited the most negative correlation with SWS at the sowing stage and precipitation in fallow period.

摘要

经常研究深松和深耕等休耕方式对旱地小麦土壤储水和谷物产量的影响。然而，几年来，对每次耕作下蓄水的分层特征及其与产量形成的相关性研究较少。进行了随机完整区组设计，以研究三种耕作方式（NT，免耕；SS，深松；DP，深耕）对土壤储水量（SWS）、产量结构、降水利用效率（PUE）、水连续三年旱地小麦利用效率（WUE）和籽粒品质。在 3 年内，与 NT 相比，SS 和 DP 的使用使 0-200 cm 土壤深度的 SWS 增加了 3.1% 和 7.9%。在 100-200 厘米的子层中，深松对 SWS 更有利，而 DP 强烈增加了对 0-100 cm 上层的影响。SS 和 DP 下的谷物产量、PUE 和 WUE 大于 NT。粮食产量与SWS有很大的相关性_0-100厘米。SS 和 DP 下的蛋白质含量和大部分籽粒品质指标均下降。籽粒品质与播种期SWS和休耕期降水量负相关性最强。