According to the previous reports, hypothyroidism has been shown to be strongly correlated with increased circulating concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). Notably, thyroid hormones are confirmed to modulate the production, clearance, and transformation process of cholesterol within circulation of mammals. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that the thyroid-stimulating hormone could also participate in modulating serum lipid metabolism independently of thyroid hormones, which further induces the pathological development of dyslipidemia. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully elucidated. Recently, several research studies have demonstrated that the pathogenic progression of hypothyroidism-related dyslipidemia might be correlated with the decreased serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and the increased serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormones. Thus, this indicates that hypothyroidism could induce dyslipidemia and its related cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. In addition, several newly identified modulatory biomarkers, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTLs), and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), might play an important role in the regulation of dyslipidemia induced by hypothyroidism. Furthermore, under the status of hypothyroidism, significantly dysfunctional HDL particles could also be observed. In the current review, we summarized the recent knowledge of the relationship between the development of hypothyroidism with dyslipidemia. We also discussed the updated understanding of the mechanisms whereby hypothyroidism induces the risk and the development of dyslipidemia and cardio-metabolic diseases.

中文翻译：

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甲状腺功能减退症患者血脂异常病理发展的新见解。

根据先前的报道，甲状腺功能减退已被证明与总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C) 和甘油三酯 (TG) 的循环浓度增加密切相关。值得注意的是，甲状腺激素被证实可以调节哺乳动物循环中胆固醇的产生、清除和转化过程。此外，新出现的证据表明，促甲状腺激素也可以独立于甲状腺激素参与调节血清脂质代谢，这进一步诱导了血脂异常的病理发展。然而，潜在的机制仍未完全阐明。最近，几项研究表明，甲状腺功能减退症相关血脂异常的致病进展可能与血清甲状腺激素浓度降低和促甲状腺激素血清浓度升高有关。因此，这表明甲状腺功能减退可诱发血脂异常及其相关的心脏代谢紊乱疾病。此外，一些新发现的调节性生物标志物，如前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素/kexin 9型（PCSK9）、血管生成素样蛋白（ANGPTLs）和成纤维细胞生长因子（FGFs），可能在调节由甲状腺功能减退。此外，在甲状腺功能减退的情况下，还可以观察到明显功能失调的 HDL 颗粒。在目前的审查中，我们总结了最近关于甲状腺功能减退症与血脂异常之间关系的知识。我们还讨论了对甲状腺功能减退导致血脂异常和心脏代谢疾病风险和发展的机制的最新理解。