Fire regimes of forests, i.e., time interval, frequency, extent, and severity of fire events, influence structural changes in the vegetation, and thus shape the composition of avian communities. We studied the diversity of avian guilds in sites with different fire regimes (unburned, burned 2002, burned 2015, and burned 2002 and 2015), testing both the "intermediate disturbance" and "vertical vegetation structure" hypotheses, in globally threatened temperate forests in Chile. From 2016 to 2018, we quantified habitat attributes (160 plots) and estimated avian richness and density (160 point counts). The site that was burned once in 2015 showed the highest density of standing dead trees at 96.5% higher than the unburned/control site, whereas the site that burned twice showed the lowest density of live trees, lowest average diameter at breast height of trees (DBH), and smallest volume of coarse woody debris. Overall, we recorded 35 avian species with the highest richness (n = 24 species) in the site that was burned once in 2002. We found that, 16 years after a site was burned, the avian community composition became relatively similar to the unburned site. The density of most avian guilds decreased in burned sites but granivores, shrub users, and migrants showed positive responses. Understory users, foliage users, and resident species showed negative responses to burned sites. These responses were strongly related to fire-driven changes in habitat attributes, supporting both of our tested hypotheses. Given that increasing levels of disturbance from fire are anticipated, future management of temperate forest biodiversity should consider that specific species and guilds will depend on remnant habitat attributes in burned sites.

中文翻译：

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火灾状况塑造生物多样性：鸟类公会对智利南部安第斯温带生态系统中被烧毁的森林的反应

森林的火灾状况，即火灾事件的时间间隔、频率、范围和严重程度，会影响植被的结构变化，从而影响鸟类群落的组成。我们研究了具有不同火势（未燃烧、2002 年燃烧、2015 年燃烧、2002 年和 2015 年燃烧）的地点的鸟类群落多样性，测试了全球受威胁的温带森林中的“中间干扰”和“垂直植被结构”假设。智利。从 2016 年到 2018 年，我们量化了栖息地属性（160 个地块）和估计的鸟类丰富度和密度（160 个点计数）。2015 年被烧毁一次的场地显示出最高的死树密度，比未烧/控制场地高 96.5%，而两次烧毁的场地显示出最低的活树密度，树木胸高平均直径 (DBH) 最低，粗木屑体积最小。总体而言，我们在 2002 年被烧毁的场地中记录了 35 种最丰富的鸟类（n = 24 种）。我们发现，在一个场地被烧​​毁 16 年后，鸟类群落组成变得与未烧毁的场地相对相似. 大多数鸟类公会的密度在燃烧地点下降，但食草动物、灌木使用者和迁徙者表现出积极的反应。林下使用者、树叶使用者和常驻物种对被烧毁的场地表现出负面反应。这些反应与栖息地属性的火灾驱动变化密切相关，支持我们测试的两个假设。鉴于预计火灾造成的干扰程度会越来越高，