An updated zoning policy eliminating all alcohol outlets (liquor stores) in residential districts was implemented to reduce high rates of violent crime in Baltimore City. Diverse stakeholders were engaged in group model building (GMB) activities to develop causal loop diagrams (CLDs) that elucidate the impact of the new zoning policy on crime, and more broadly, the potentially unintended social and environmental consequences of the policy. Three distinct groups, community advocates, city officials/academics, and community residents, participated in three separate GMB sessions. Three CLDs, one from each stakeholder group, were created to depict the possible outcomes of the zoning policy. Our findings offer insight into potential unintended consequences of removing liquor stores from residential areas that may undermine the policy. Community members described the need for additional supports related to mental health and substance use, opportunities for investment in the community, access to other goods and services, and community-police relations to ensure the policy achieved its intended goal of reducing violent crime. Our findings highlight the importance of timely engagement of local stakeholders to understand how complex neighborhood dynamics and contextual factors could impact the effectiveness of a zoning policy change.

中文翻译：

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描述复杂的社区动态和背景因素如何影响酒类出口分区政策有效性的系统框架

为了降低巴尔的摩市的高暴力犯罪率，实施了一项更新的分区政策，取消了住宅区的所有酒类商店（酒类商店）。不同的利益相关者参与了团体模型构建 (GMB) 活动，以开发因果循环图 (CLD)，阐明新分区政策对犯罪的影响，更广泛地说，该政策可能带来的意想不到的社会和环境后果。三个不同的群体、社区倡导者、城市官员/学者和社区居民参加了三个独立的 GMB 会议。创建了三个 CLD，每个利益相关者组一个，以描述分区政策的可能结果。我们的研究结果深入了解了从住宅区移除酒类商店可能会破坏政策的潜在意外后果。社区成员描述了与心理健康和物质使用、社区投资机会、获得其他商品和服务以及社区与警察关系相关的额外支持的需求，以确保该政策实现其减少暴力犯罪的预期目标。我们的研究结果强调了当地利益相关者及时参与的重要性，以了解复杂的邻里动态和背景因素如何影响分区政策变更的有效性。