Sensitive X-ray detection is needed in diverse areas motivated by a common desire to reduce radiation dose. Cold cathode X-ray detectors operating with a photoelectron multiplication mechanism called electron bombardment induced photoconductivity (EBIPC) have emerged as promising candidates for low-dose X-ray detection. Herein, the cold cathode detectors formed by ZnO nanowire field emitters and $\mathrm{\beta }\text{-}{\mathrm{Ga}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$ photoconductor targets were proposed for sensitive direct-conversion X-ray detection. The charge carrier transport mechanism of EBIPC effect in X-ray detectors was investigated to achieve a high internal gain ($2.9\times {10}^2$) and high detection sensitivity ($3.0\times {10}^3{\mathrm{\mu CGy}}_{\mathrm{air}}^{-1}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}$) for a 6 keV X-ray at the electric field of $22.5\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{\mu m}}^{-1}$. Furthermore, the proposed X-ray detectors showed the features of fast response time (40 ms), long-term stability (0.6% for 1 h), and low detection limit ($0.28{\mathrm{mGy}}_{\mathrm{air}}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$), suggesting that the direct-conversion cold cathode X-ray detectors are ideal candidates for low-energy X-ray detecting and imaging applications.

中文翻译：

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由 ZnO 纳米线场发射体和 β-Ga2O3 光电导体靶形成的灵敏的直接转换 X 射线探测器，具有电子轰击诱导的光电导机制

出于减少辐射剂量的共同愿望，不同领域都需要灵敏的 X 射线检测。使用称为电子轰击诱导光电导 (EBIPC) 的光电子倍增机制运行的冷阴极 X 射线探测器已成为低剂量 X 射线探测的有希望的候选者。在此，由 ZnO 纳米线场致发射器形成的冷阴极探测器和$\mathrm{乙}\text{-}{嘎}_2{\mathrm{哦}}_3$光电导体目标被提议用于灵敏的直接转换 X 射线检测。研究了 X 射线探测器中 EBIPC 效应的电荷载流子传输机制以实现高内部增益（$2.9\times {10}^2$) 和高检测灵敏度 ($3.0\times {10}^3{\mathrm{\mu CGy}}_{\mathrm{空气}}^{-1}{\mathrm{厘米}}^{-2}$) 对于 6 keV X 射线，电场为 $22.5\mathrm{伏}{\mathrm{微米}}^{-1}$. 此外，所提出的 X 射线探测器显示出响应时间快（40 毫秒）、长期稳定性（1 小时 0.6%）和低检测限（$0.28{\mathrm{毫戈瑞}}_{\mathrm{空气}}{\mathrm{秒}}^{-1}$)，表明直接转换冷阴极 X 射线探测器是低能 X 射线探测和成像应用的理想候选者。