Using secondary literature and interviews, this paper examines forest discourses since World War II in four countries: Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, and Sweden. The national discourses often thematically coincide between the case countries, most prominently in the post-war endeavour to restore forest resources. This period was followed by diverging ideas and practices such as abandonment and fragmentation in Italy, resource conservation by stealth in Lithuania, multifunctionality in the Netherlands, and ongoing intensification in Sweden. Recently, the national discourses have been re-converging on the environment and the bioeconomy, albeit at different times and intensity. Overall, many national ideological battles follow the global meta-discourses, but linkages to these are much weaker for forestry practices.

本文使用二手文献和访谈，考察了自二战以来在意大利、立陶宛、荷兰和瑞典这四个国家的森林话语。案例国家之间的国家话语通常在主题上重合，在战后恢复森林资源的努力中最为突出。这一时期之后出现了不同的想法和做法，例如意大利的废弃和碎片化、立陶宛的隐形资源保护、荷兰的多功能性以及瑞典的持续集约化。最近，尽管时间和强度不同，全国性的讨论已经重新集中在环境和生物经济上。总体而言，许多国家意识形态斗争遵循全球元话语，但林业实践与这些的联系要弱得多。