Neuromorphic electronic engineering takes inspiration from the biological organization of nervous systems to rethink the technology of computing, sensing, and actuating (see “Summary”). It started three decades ago with the realization by Carver Mead, a pioneer of very large-scale integration (VLSI) technology, that the operation of a conventional transistor in the analog regime closely resembles the biophysical operation of a neuron [1]. Mead envisioned a novel generation of electronic circuits that would operate far more efficiently than conventional VLSI technology and would allow for a new generation of biologically inspired sensing devices. Three decades later, active vision has become a technological reality [2], [3], and neuromorphic computing has emerged as a promising avenue to reduce the energy requirements of digital computers [4]–[7]. These two applications could just be the tip of the iceberg. Neuromorphic circuit architectures call for new computing, signal processing, and control paradigms.

中文翻译：

---

神经形态控制：设计多尺度混合反馈系统


神经形态电子工程从神经系统的生物组织中汲取灵感，重新思考计算、传感和驱动技术（参见“摘要”）。三十年前，超大规模集成 (VLSI) 技术的先驱卡弗·米德 (Carver Mead) 认识到，传统晶体管在模拟状态下的操作与神经元的生物物理操作非常相似 [1]。米德设想了新一代电子电路，其运行效率远高于传统的 VLSI 技术，并将允许新一代受生物启发的传感设备。三十年后，主动视觉已成为技术现实 [2]、[3]，神经形态计算已成为降低数字计算机能源需求的有前途的途径 [4]-[7]。这两个应用程序可能只是冰山一角。神经形态电路架构需要新的计算、信号处理和控制范例。