The contact wire of high-speed railway has large mechanical wear due to long-term friction with the pantograph contact strip, which decreases the mechanical and electrical properties of the contact wire. Therefore, regular inspection of the contact wire is of great significance to ensure the normal operation of the high-speed rail line. In this paper, a measurement method based on the capacitive sensor is proposed to detect the wear amount of the contact line and a mathematical model of the relationship between capacitance value and wear amount is established. The theoretical capacitance value, considering the edge effect, is calculated based on the model using the Schwarz-Christoffel transform, and the corresponding simulated value is obtained based on simulation analysis with COMSOL. The simulation results are compared with theoretical results, which show good consistency. Subsequently, a testing platform is built and several test pieces under different wear levels are detected. The experimental results show that the measured value and the simulated value have good consistency, which further verifies the feasibility of wear amount detection of high-speed rail contact wire with a capacitive sensor.

中文翻译：

---

高速铁路接触网检测电容式传感器的理论、仿真与实验研究


高速铁路接触线由于与受电弓接触带长期摩擦，产生较大的机械磨损，使接触线的机械性能和电气性能下降。因此，定期检查接触线对于保证高铁线路的正常运行具有重要意义。本文提出了一种基于电容式传感器的接触线磨损量测量方法，并建立了电容值与磨损量关系的数学模型。基于Schwarz-Christoffel变换模型计算出考虑边缘效应的理论电容值，并通过COMSOL仿真分析得到相应的仿真值。仿真结果与理论结果进行对比，表现出良好的一致性。随后搭建测试平台，对不同磨损程度下的多个试件进行检测。实验结果表明，测量值与模拟值具有良好的一致性，进一步验证了电容式传感器检测高铁接触线磨损量的可行性。