Persulfate-based (PS-based) advanced oxidation process is a promising technology for degradation of organic pollutants. PS activation needs efficient and economical catalysts and heterogeneous Fe-carbon composites are competitive. Herein, novel N-doped biochar-loaded nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) composites (Fe@N-BC) were synthesized and evaluated for PS activation. Detailed characterization data indicated that graphitic and pyridine N structures were introduced by N-doping, which enhanced the anchoring, dispersion and loading of amorphous nZVI on biochar. Remarkably, the optimized Fe@N-BC material, Fe@N₂-BC₉₀₀, presented excellent catalytic performance for PS activation for lindane removal. The N-doped defects in biochar acted as reactive bridges and accelerated the electron transfer between nZVI and PS, showing strong synergistic effects toward nZVI. ${\text{O}}_2^{\text{•}-}$ and ¹O₂ were the dominant active species in catalytic systems. Additionally, Fe@N₂-BC₉₀₀ catalyst showed effectiveness over a wide pH range for lindane removal. This work provides a new approach to the rational design and application of Fe@N-BC for persulfate activation in pollution control, which is certified by deep exploration of reaction mechanism.

基于过硫酸盐（PS）的高级氧化工艺是一种很有前景的有机污染物降解技术。PS 活化需要高效且经济的催化剂，而多相铁碳复合材料具有竞争力。在此，合成了新型的 N 掺杂生物炭纳米级零价铁 (nZVI) 复合材料 (Fe@N-BC) 并评估了 PS 活化。详细的表征数据表明，通过 N 掺杂引入了石墨和吡啶 N 结构，这增强了无定形 nZVI 在生物炭上的锚定、分散和负载。值得注意的是，优化的 Fe@N-BC 材料 Fe@N ₂ -BC ₉₀₀, 对 PS 活化去除林丹表现出优异的催化性能。生物炭中的 N 掺杂缺陷充当反应桥并加速了 nZVI 和 PS 之间的电子转移，对 nZVI 显示出强烈的协同作用。${\text{哦}}_2^{\text{•}-}$和¹ O ₂是催化体系中的主要活性物质。此外，Fe@N ₂ -BC ₉₀₀催化剂在广泛的 pH 范围内显示出对林丹去除的有效性。这项工作为Fe@N-BC的合理设计和应用在污染控制中的过硫酸盐活化提供了新的途径，该方法得到了反应机理的深入探索。