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The effects of soil temperature from soil mulching and harvest age on phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant contents of Java tea (Orthosiphon aristatus B.)
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-16 , DOI: 10.1186/s40538-021-00256-1
Komariah 1 , Jauhari Syamsiyah 1 , Widyatmani Sih Dewi 1 , Diora Diah Ayu Pitaloka 2 , Irmanida Batubara 3 , Waras Nurcholis 3 , Apong Sandrawati 4 , Andriyana Setyawati 5
Affiliation  

The environmental conditions resulted by the agronomic management practices may govern the secondary metabolite contents of medicinal plants, including Java tea (Orthosiphon aristatus B). Abiotic factors such as temperatures have been known to determine the secondary metabolite contents of Java tea. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of soil temperature resulting from soil mulching and harvest age on total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant contents of Java tea. The research was arranged using nested (hierarchy design) with completely randomized design under a screen house at Karanganyar, Indonesia, from July to December 2019. The main factor was soil mulching (control; black plastic mulch, transparent plastic mulch, biodegradable mulch and rice straw mulch) with three replicates. The main factor was nested in the temporal hierarchy factor, namely harvest age which consisted of two levels, i.e., 80 and 100 days. The observation parameters were soil temperature of 10 min (maximum; mean; minimum and soil temperature-based Growing Degree Days, GDD) with sensors and logger; plant growth (plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight); and secondary metabolites including phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant. The results confirmed the order of the highest to the lowest mean soil temperature was resulted under the transparent plastic mulch > straw > black plastic mulch > control > biodegradable plastic mulch (26.69 > 26.29 > 26.10 > 26.07 > 25.68 °C, respectively). Overall, the harvest age 100 days resulted in higher plant growth, indicated by the higher fresh and dry weight of biomass, higher phenol and antioxidant contents than 80 days. Soil mulching, especially with plastic and biodegradable plastic mulches with long harvest age (100 days) effected into lower fresh and dry weight of plants. On the other hand, soil mulching indirectly resulted in lower phenol but higher flavonoid contents through higher soil temperature, while antioxidant contents were higher under the big soil temperature-based Growing Degree Day (GDD). The total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant produced ranging from 193.75 to 412.50 mg GAE/ 100 g DW; 81.13 to 141.47 mg QE/ 100 g DW; and 1875.5–2144.4 µmol TE/g DW. Higher maximum soil temperature resulted in lower phenol content, while higher minimum soil temperature and shorter harvest age increased total flavonoid. Longer harvest age produced more total phenol and antioxidant due to bigger soil temperature-based Growing Degree Day (GDD).

中文翻译:

土壤覆盖和采收期土壤温度对爪哇茶(Orthosiphon aristatus B.)酚、黄酮和抗氧化剂含量的影响

农艺管理实践导致的环境条件可能控制药用植物的次生代谢物含量,包括爪哇茶 (Orthosiphon aristatus B)。已知温度等非生物因素可确定爪哇茶的次生代谢物含量。本研究旨在评估土壤覆盖和收获年龄对爪哇茶总酚、黄酮类化合物和抗氧化剂含量的影响。该研究于 2019 年 7 月至 12 月在印度尼西亚 Karanganyar 的筛房下使用完全随机设计的嵌套(层次设计)进行安排。主要因素是土壤覆盖(对照;黑色塑料覆盖物、透明塑料覆盖物、可生物降解覆盖物和水稻稻草覆盖物),重复三次。主要因素嵌套在时间层次因素中,即收获年龄由两个级别组成,即 80 天和 100 天。观测参数是 10 分钟的土壤温度(最大值;平均值;最小值和基于土壤温度的生长度天数,GDD),带传感器和记录器;植物生长(株高、叶数、鲜重和干重);次生代谢物包括苯酚、黄酮类化合物和抗氧化剂。结果证实,在透明地膜>秸秆>黑色地膜>对照>可生物降解地膜下,平均土壤温度从最高到最低(分别为26.69>26.29>26.10>26.07>25.68°C)。总体而言,收获年龄 100 天导致植物生长更快,这表明与 80 天相比,生物质的鲜重和干重更高,苯酚和抗氧化剂含量更高。土壤覆盖,尤其是塑料和可生物降解的塑料覆盖物,收获期长(100 天)会降低植物的鲜重和干重。另一方面,土壤覆盖通过较高的土壤温度间接导致较低的苯酚但较高的黄酮含量,而在基于大土壤温度的生长度日(GDD)下抗氧化剂含量较高。产生的总酚、类黄酮和抗氧化剂为 193.75 至 412.50 毫克 GAE/100 克干重;81.13 至 141.47 毫克 QE/100 克干重;和 1875.5–2144.4 µmol TE/g DW。较高的最高土壤温度导致较低的苯酚含量,而较高的最低土壤温度和较短的收获时间会增加总黄酮含量。由于更大的基于土壤温度的生长度日 (GDD),更长的收获时间会产生更多的总酚和抗氧化剂。土壤覆盖通过较高的土壤温度间接导致较低的苯酚含量但较高的黄酮含量,而抗氧化剂含量在基于土壤温度的大生长度日(GDD)下较高。产生的总酚、类黄酮和抗氧化剂为 193.75 至 412.50 毫克 GAE/100 克干重;81.13 至 141.47 毫克 QE/100 克干重;和 1875.5–2144.4 µmol TE/g DW。较高的最高土壤温度导致较低的苯酚含量,而较高的最低土壤温度和较短的收获时间会增加总黄酮含量。由于更大的基于土壤温度的生长度日 (GDD),更长的收获时间会产生更多的总酚和抗氧化剂。土壤覆盖通过较高的土壤温度间接导致较低的苯酚含量但较高的黄酮含量,而抗氧化剂含量在基于土壤温度的大生长度日(GDD)下较高。产生的总酚、类黄酮和抗氧化剂为 193.75 至 412.50 毫克 GAE/100 克干重;81.13 至 141.47 毫克 QE/100 克干重;和 1875.5–2144.4 µmol TE/g DW。较高的最高土壤温度导致较低的苯酚含量,而较高的最低土壤温度和较短的收获时间会增加总黄酮含量。由于更大的基于土壤温度的生长度日 (GDD),更长的收获时间会产生更多的总酚和抗氧化剂。而在基于大土壤温度的生长度日(GDD)下,抗氧化剂含量较高。产生的总酚、类黄酮和抗氧化剂为 193.75 至 412.50 毫克 GAE/100 克干重;81.13 至 141.47 毫克 QE/100 克干重;和 1875.5–2144.4 µmol TE/g DW。较高的最高土壤温度导致较低的苯酚含量,而较高的最低土壤温度和较短的收获时间会增加总黄酮含量。由于更大的基于土壤温度的生长度日 (GDD),更长的收获时间会产生更多的总酚和抗氧化剂。而在基于大土壤温度的生长度日(GDD)下,抗氧化剂含量较高。产生的总酚、类黄酮和抗氧化剂为 193.75 至 412.50 毫克 GAE/100 克干重;81.13 至 141.47 毫克 QE/100 克干重;和 1875.5–2144.4 µmol TE/g DW。较高的最高土壤温度导致较低的苯酚含量,而较高的最低土壤温度和较短的收获时间会增加总黄酮含量。由于更大的基于土壤温度的生长度日 (GDD),更长的收获时间会产生更多的总酚和抗氧化剂。而较高的最低土壤温度和较短的收获时间会增加总黄酮。由于更大的基于土壤温度的生长度日 (GDD),更长的收获时间会产生更多的总酚和抗氧化剂。而较高的最低土壤温度和较短的收获时间会增加总黄酮。由于更大的基于土壤温度的生长度日 (GDD),更长的收获时间会产生更多的总酚和抗氧化剂。
更新日期:2021-11-16
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