One hundred years have passed since the discovery of insulin—an achievement that transformed diabetes from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic condition. The decades since that momentous achievement have brought ever more rapid innovation and advancement in diabetes research and clinical care. To celebrate the important work of the past century and help to chart a course for its continuation into the next, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases recently held a joint international symposium, bringing together a cohort of researchers with diverse interests and backgrounds from both countries and beyond to discuss their collective quest to better understand the heterogeneity of diabetes and thus gain insights to inform new directions in diabetes treatment and prevention. This article summarizes the proceedings of that symposium, which spanned cutting-edge research into various aspects of islet biology, the heterogeneity of diabetic phenotypes, and the current state of and future prospects for precision medicine in diabetes.

胰岛素的发现已经过去一百年了，这一成就将糖尿病从一种致命的疾病转变为一种可控制的慢性疾病。自这一重大成就以来的几十年里，糖尿病研究和临床护理领域带来了更加快速的创新和进步。为了庆祝上个世纪的重要工作并帮助制定下一个世纪的延续路线，加拿大卫生研究院的营养、代谢和糖尿病研究所和美国国立卫生研究院的国家糖尿病、消化和肾脏研究所最近，Diseases 举办了一次国际联合研讨会，汇集了来自两国及其他国家具有不同兴趣和背景的研究人员，讨论了他们对更好地了解糖尿病异质性的集体追求，从而获得见解，为糖尿病治疗和预防的新方向提供信息。本文总结了该研讨会的进展，涵盖了胰岛生物学各个方面的前沿研究、糖尿病表型的异质性以及糖尿病精准医学的现状和未来前景。