There has been a growing interest in the investigation of hydroacoustic characteristics of pulsatile tinnitus (PT). However, a proper technique for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation has yet to be discussed. The primary goal of this paper was to investigate the intrasinus hydroacoustic characteristics of PT at the transverse-sigmoid junction (TSJ) using Doppler ultrasound and examine the validity of CFD techniques in simultaneity. The preoperative and intraoperative Doppler ultrasound were performed on a patient with PT at upper jugular vein and TSJ, respectively. Canonical CFD techniques were applied to solve the computational transverse-sigmoid sinus flow domain and compared with the Doppler’s measurements. In addition, the spectro-temporal analysis was performed for the sonification of PT. PT was associated with the recirculating flows at the TSJ according to ultrasonographic detection. This pathogenic region was characterized by a sudden deceleration of flow velocity and inverse increase of flow static pressure, which large eddy simulation (LES) resulted in the smallest 7.4% velocity difference compared to the measured Doppler data, albeit with little differences compared to other solvers. Therefore, based on this case study, the transient LES approach is an optimal CFD method for the computational simulation of the complex hemodynamics at the TSJ. Further numerical studies with large case series are warrranted.

中文翻译：

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静脉搏动性耳鸣计算流体动力学模拟方法的验证

人们对脉动性耳鸣 (PT) 的水声特性的研究越来越感兴趣。然而，尚未讨论用于计算流体动力学 (CFD) 模拟的适当技术。本文的主要目的是使用多普勒超声研究 PT 在横向乙状结肠交界处 (TSJ) 的窦内水声特性，并同时检验 CFD 技术的有效性。分别对上颈静脉和 TSJ 的 PT 患者进行术前和术中多普勒超声检查。应用典型 CFD 技术求解计算横向乙状窦流域并与多普勒测量值进行比较。此外，对 PT 的声化进行了光谱-时间分析。根据超声检测，PT 与 TSJ 处的再循环流相关。该致病区域的特征是流速突然减速和流动静压反向增加，与测量的多普勒数据相比，大涡模拟 (LES) 导致的速度差异最小为 7.4%，尽管与其他求解器相比差异很小. 因此，基于此案例研究，瞬态 LES 方法是计算模拟 TSJ 复杂血流动力学的最佳 CFD 方法。有必要对大型案例系列进行进一步的数值研究。与测量的多普勒数据相比，大涡模拟 (LES) 产生了最小的 7.4% 速度差异，尽管与其他求解器相比差异很小。因此，基于此案例研究，瞬态 LES 方法是计算模拟 TSJ 复杂血流动力学的最佳 CFD 方法。有必要对大型案例系列进行进一步的数值研究。与测量的多普勒数据相比，大涡模拟 (LES) 产生了最小的 7.4% 速度差异，尽管与其他求解器相比差异很小。因此，基于此案例研究，瞬态 LES 方法是计算模拟 TSJ 复杂血流动力学的最佳 CFD 方法。有必要对大型案例系列进行进一步的数值研究。