It has been proposed that stigmatizing attitudes toward a family member with schizophrenia are less prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LAMIC) than in high-income countries (HIC). Furthermore, studies from HIC have shown that labeling increases certain aspects of stigma. This raises concerns about an export of this Western psychiatric labeling practice to LAMIC. The aim of the present research was to determine (a) whether stigmatizing family attitudes are less prevalent in LAMIC than in HIC and (b) whether stigmatizing family attitudes are intensified in both country types by introducing a schizophrenia label. Adults from two HIC (n = 718) and four LAMIC (n = 763) participated in the online study by reading a vignette, which depicted a family member presenting schizophrenia symptoms. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either the label (mental illness called schizophrenia) or the no label condition. Stigma-related stereotypes, emotions, and negative family affect were measured. A two-way multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted. This analysis revealed that participants from LAMIC showed significantly less stigmatizing attitudes toward their family members compared to those from HIC. Introducing a schizophrenia label significantly increased stigmatizing family attitudes in both country types, but the association between labeling and family attitudes was stronger in HIC than in LAMIC. Our results indicate that family attitudes toward schizophrenia and associated labeling effects differ between countries with varying economic strata and cultural values. This needs to be considered in stigma research and in the tailoring of antistigma interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症标签对污名化家庭态度影响的跨文化比较：案例研究。

有人提出，与高收入国家 (HIC) 相比，对精神分裂症家庭成员的污名化态度在低收入和中等收入国家 (LAMIC) 并不普遍。此外，来自 HIC 的研究表明，标签会增加耻辱感的某些方面。这引起了人们对将这种西方精神病学标签做法出口到 LAMIC 的担忧。本研究的目的是确定 (a) 污名化家庭态度在 LAMIC 中是否比在 HIC 中更普遍，以及 (b) 通过引入精神分裂症标签，污名化家庭态度是否在这两种国家类型中得到加强。来自两个 HIC (n = 718) 和四个 LAMIC (n = 763) 的成年人通过阅读一个小插曲参与了在线研究，该小插曲描绘了一名出现精神分裂症症状的家庭成员。参与者被随机分配接受标签（称为精神分裂症的精神疾病）或无标签条件。测量了与污名相关的刻板印象、情绪和负面家庭影响。进行了协方差的双向多变量分析。该分析显示，与来自 HIC 的参与者相比，来自 LAMIC 的参与者对其家庭成员的污名化态度显着减少。引入精神分裂症标签显着增加了两种国家类型的污名化家庭态度，但标签与家庭态度之间的关联在 HIC 中比在 LAMIC 中更强。我们的研究结果表明，不同经济阶层和文化价值观的国家之间，家庭对精神分裂症和相关标签效应的态度不同。这需要在污名研究和定制反污名干预措施中加以考虑。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。