This study examined the association between gratitude and loneliness across the adult lifespan using a seven-day daily diary study design. The sample consisted of young, middle-aged, and older adults (N = 128; age M = 56.7 years; SD = 18.7 years; range = 24.2–90.2 years; 46% women). A significant Age × Gender × Gratitude interaction effect on loneliness indicated that gratitude and loneliness were negatively associated in general. Results of simple slopes analyses showed that gender differences in loneliness were significant in young adults who were more grateful and in older adults who were less grateful. Women were less lonely than men, on average, and the gender difference was significant for those younger and more grateful, or older and less grateful. Thus, the beneficial effect of gratitude on loneliness differed across age and gender. These findings suggest that the potential benefits of gratitude on social relationships and emotional well-being, such as loneliness, should be examined differentially for men and women and in the context of changing social relationships in the aging process.

本研究使用为期 7 天的每日日记研究设计，检验了成年期感恩与孤独之间的关联。样本包括青年、中年和老年人（N  = 128；年龄M  = 56.7 岁；SD = 18.7 岁；范围 = 24.2–90.2 岁；46% 的女性）。年龄×性别×感恩对孤独感的显着交互作用表明，感恩与孤独总体上呈负相关。简单斜率分析的结果表明，在更感激的年轻人和不那么感激的老年人中，孤独感的性别差异显着。平均而言，女性比男性更不孤独，而且性别差异对于那些更年轻但更感恩的人，或年长且不那么感恩的人来说是显着的。因此，感恩对孤独的有益影响因年龄和性别而异。这些发现表明，感恩对社会关系和情感幸福的潜在好处，例如孤独、