A substantial literature has focused on how ethnic-racial socialization from parents shapes youths' racial identities and the meanings they attach to their own and others' racial group membership. We argue that a critically important source of information to youth about the meaning and significance of race, and therefore a key source of ethnic-racial socialization, resides in youths' exposure to repeated patterns in the relative social experiences, opportunities, roles, and outcomes experienced by two or more racial groups across levels of the ecological environment. Drawing on Seidman's concept of a “social regularity” we propose the concept of a “racial regularity” to name, describe and define pervasive and repeated intergroup patterns that youth observe through their daily transactions across settings. Additionally, drawing from the socio-cognitive developmental literature, we consider why and how racial regularities may inform youths' racial knowledge. Finally, we illustrate our perspective using existing ethnographies of racial dynamics in schools and neighborhoods vis-à-vis youths' racial knowledge.

中文翻译：

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种族规律：作为种族-种族社会化来源的设定水平动态

大量文献关注父母的民族-种族社会化如何塑造青少年的种族身份以及他们对自己和其他种族群体成员身份的意义。我们认为，对于青年人来说，关于种族的意义和意义的一个至关重要的信息来源，以及因此种族-种族社会化的一个关键来源，在于青年人在相对的重复模式中的暴露。两个或多个种族群体在不同生态环境层次上所经历的社会经历、机会、角色和结果。借鉴塞德曼的“社会规律性”概念，我们提出“种族规律性”的概念来命名、描述和定义年轻人在日常跨环境交易中观察到的普遍且重复的群际模式。此外，根据社会认知发展文献，我们考虑了种族规律为何以及如何影响青少年的种族知识。最后，我们使用学校和社区中现有的种族动态民族志与青少年的种族知识来说明我们的观点。