Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to permanent disability, which is mainly caused by the loss of functional recovery. In this review, we aimed to investigate why the healing process is interrupted. One of the reasons for this interruption is the formation of a glial scar around the severely damaged tissue, which is usually covered by reactive glia, macrophages and fibroblasts. Aiming to clarify this issue, we summarize the latest research findings pertaining to scar formation, tissue repair, and the divergent roles of blood-derived monocytes/macrophages, ependymal cells, fibroblasts, microglia, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) and astrocytes during the process of scar formation, and further analyse the contribution of these cells to scar formation. In addition, we recapitulate the development of therapeutic treatments targeting glial scar components. Altogether, we aim to present a comprehensive decoding of the glial scar and explore potential therapeutic strategies for improving functional recovery after SCI.

中文翻译：

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解读脊髓损伤后的胶质瘢痕

脊髓损伤（SCI）常导致永久性残疾，主要是由于功能恢复丧失所致。在这篇综述中，我们旨在调查愈合过程被中断的原因。这种中断的原因之一是在严重受损组织周围形成了胶质瘢痕，通常被反应性胶质细胞、巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞覆盖。为了澄清这个问题，我们总结了有关疤痕形成、组织修复以及血液来源的单核细胞/巨噬细胞、室管膜细胞、成纤维细胞、小胶质细胞、少突胶质祖细胞 (OPCs)、神经元胶质抗原的不同作用的最新研究结果2（NG2）和星形胶质细胞在疤痕形成过程中的作用，并进一步分析这些细胞对疤痕形成的贡献。此外，我们概括了针对胶质瘢痕成分的治疗方法的发展。总之，我们的目标是对神经胶质瘢痕进行全面解码，并探索改善 SCI 后功能恢复的潜在治疗策略。