A large variety of different strategies has been proposed as alternatives to random textures to improve light coupling into solar cells. While the understanding of dedicated nanophotonic systems deepens continuously, only a few of the proposed designs are industrially accepted due to a lack of scalability. In this Article, a tailored disordered arrangement of high-index dielectric submicron-sized titanium dioxide (TiO₂) disks is experimentally exploited as an antireflective Huygens’ metasurface for standard heterojunction silicon solar cells. The disordered array is fabricated using a scalable bottom-up technique based on colloidal self-assembly that is applicable virtually irrespective of material or surface morphology of the device. We observe a broadband reduction of reflectance resulting in a relative improvement of a short-circuit current by 5.1% compared to a reference cell with an optimized flat antireflective indium tin oxide (ITO) layer. A theoretical model based on Born’s first approximation is proposed that links the current increase in the arrangement of disks expressed in terms of the structure factor S(q) of the disk array. Additionally, we discuss the optical performance of the metasurface within the framework of helicity preservation, which can be achieved at specific wavelengths for an isolated disk for illumination along the symmetry axis by tuning its dimensions. By comparison to a simulated periodic metasurface, we show that this framework is applicable in the case of the structure factor approaching zero and the disks’ arrangement becoming stealthy hyperuniform.

中文翻译：

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具有相关紊乱的抗反射惠更斯超表面由实施到硅异质结太阳能电池中的高指数圆盘制成

已经提出了多种不同的策略作为随机纹理的替代方案，以改善光耦合到太阳能电池中。虽然对专用纳米光子系统的理解不断加深，但由于缺乏可扩展性，只有少数提出的设计被工业接受。在本文中，高指数介电亚微米级二氧化钛 (TiO ₂) 圆盘被实验性地用作标准异质结硅太阳能电池的抗反射惠更斯超表面。无序阵列是使用基于胶体自组装的可扩展自下而上技术制造的，该技术几乎适用于设备的材料或表面形态。我们观察到反射率的宽带降低导致短路电流与具有优化的平坦抗反射氧化铟锡 (ITO) 层的参考电池相比提高了 5.1%。提出了一个基于波恩一阶近似的理论模型，该模型将当前以结构因子S ( q) 的磁盘阵列。此外，我们在螺旋度保持框架内讨论了超表面的光学性能，这可以通过调整其尺寸来在特定波长下实现隔离圆盘沿对称轴照明。通过与模拟的周期性超表面进行比较，我们表明该框架适用于结构因子接近零且磁盘排列变得隐蔽超均匀的情况。