The mammalian gut is inhabited by a massive and complicated microbial community, in which the host achieves a stable symbiotic environment through the interdependence, coordination, reciprocal constraints and participation in an immune response. The interaction between the host gut and the microbiota is essential for maintaining and achieving the homeostasis of the organism. Consequently, gut homeostasis is pivotal in safeguarding the growth and development and potential productive performance of the host. As metabolites of microorganisms, short chain fatty acids are not only the preferred energy metabolic feedstock for host intestinal epithelial cells, but also exert vital effects on antioxidants and the regulation of intestinal community homeostasis. Herein, we summarize the effects of intestinal microorganisms on the host gut and the mechanisms of action of short chain fatty acids on the four intestinal barriers of the organism, which will shed light on the manipulation of the intestinal community to achieve precise nutrition for specific individuals and provide a novel perspective for the prevention and treatment of diseases.

哺乳动物肠道内栖息着庞大而复杂的微生物群落，宿主通过相互依存、协调、相互制约和参与免疫反应，实现稳定的共生环境。宿主肠道和微生物群之间的相互作用对于维持和实现生物体的稳态至关重要。因此，肠道稳态对于保护宿主的生长发育和潜在的生产性能至关重要。作为微生物的代谢产物，短链脂肪酸不仅是宿主肠上皮细胞首选的能量代谢原料，而且对抗氧化剂和肠道群落稳态的调节具有重要作用。在此处，