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Tryptophan metabolites suppress the Wnt pathway and promote adverse limb events in chronic kidney disease
The Journal of Clinical Investigation ( IF 15.9 ) Pub Date : 2021 , DOI: 10.1172/jci142260
Nkiruka V Arinze 1 , Wenqing Yin 2 , Saran Lotfollahzadeh 2 , Marc Arthur Napoleon 2 , Sean Richards 2 , Joshua A Walker 2, 3 , Mostafa Belghasem 4 , Jonathan D Ravid 5 , Mohamed Hassan Kamel 2 , Stephen A Whelan 6 , Norman Lee 6 , Jeffrey J Siracuse 1 , Stephan Anderson 7 , Alik Farber 1 , David Sherr 8 , Jean Francis 2 , Naomi M Hamburg 3 , Nader Rahimi 4 , Vipul C Chitalia 2, 9, 10
Affiliation  

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) imposes a strong and independent risk for peripheral artery disease (PAD). While solutes retained in CKD patients (uremic solutes) inflict vascular damage, their role in PAD remains elusive. Here, we show that the dietary tryptophan-derived uremic solutes including indoxyl sulfate (IS) and kynurenine (Kyn) at concentrations corresponding to those in CKD patients suppress β-catenin in several cell types, including microvascular endothelial cells (ECs), inhibiting Wnt activity and proangiogenic Wnt targets in ECs. Mechanistic probing revealed that these uremic solutes downregulated β-catenin in a manner dependent on serine 33 in its degron motif and through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Hindlimb ischemia in adenine-induced CKD and IS solute–specific mouse models showed diminished β-catenin and VEGF-A in the capillaries and reduced capillary density, which correlated inversely with blood levels of IS and Kyn and AHR activity in ECs. An AHR inhibitor treatment normalized postischemic angiogenic response in CKD mice to a non-CKD level. In a prospective cohort of PAD patients, plasma levels of tryptophan metabolites and plasma’s AHR-inducing activity in ECs significantly increased the risk of future adverse limb events. This work uncovers the tryptophan metabolite/AHR/β-catenin axis as a mediator of microvascular rarefaction in CKD patients and demonstrates its targetability for PAD in CKD models.

中文翻译:

色氨酸代谢物抑制 Wnt 通路并促进慢性肾病的不良肢体事件

慢性肾病 (CKD) 对外周动脉疾病 (PAD) 具有很强的独立风险。虽然保留在 CKD 患者中的溶质(尿毒症溶质)会造成血管损伤,但它们在 PAD 中的作用仍然难以捉摸。在这里,我们表明饮食中色氨酸衍生的尿毒症溶质,包括硫酸吲哚酚 (IS) 和犬尿氨酸 (Kyn),其浓度对应于 CKD 患者的浓度,可抑制包括微血管内皮细胞 (EC) 在内的几种细胞类型中的 β-连环蛋白,抑制 Wnt ECs 中的活性和促血管生成 Wnt 靶标。机械探测表明,这些尿毒症溶质以依赖于其 degron 基序中的丝氨酸 33 并通过芳烃受体 (AHR) 的方式下调 β-连环蛋白。腺嘌呤诱导的 CKD 和 IS 溶质特异性小鼠模型中的后肢缺血显示毛细血管中 β-连环蛋白和 VEGF-A 减少,毛细血管密度降低,这与 EC 中 IS 和 Kyn 的血液水平和 AHR 活性呈负相关。AHR 抑制剂治疗使 CKD 小鼠的缺血后血管生成反应正常化至非 CKD 水平。在 PAD 患者的前瞻性队列中,血浆色氨酸代谢物水平和血浆在 ECs 中的 AHR 诱导活性显着增加了未来肢体不良事件的风险。这项工作揭示了色氨酸代谢物/AHR/β-连环蛋白轴作为 CKD 患者微血管稀疏的介质,并证明了其在 CKD 模型中对 PAD 的靶向性。AHR 抑制剂治疗使 CKD 小鼠的缺血后血管生成反应正常化至非 CKD 水平。在 PAD 患者的前瞻性队列中,血浆色氨酸代谢物水平和血浆在 ECs 中的 AHR 诱导活性显着增加了未来肢体不良事件的风险。这项工作揭示了色氨酸代谢物/AHR/β-连环蛋白轴作为 CKD 患者微血管稀疏的介质,并证明了其在 CKD 模型中对 PAD 的靶向性。AHR 抑制剂治疗使 CKD 小鼠的缺血后血管生成反应正常化至非 CKD 水平。在 PAD 患者的前瞻性队列中,血浆色氨酸代谢物水平和血浆在 ECs 中的 AHR 诱导活性显着增加了未来肢体不良事件的风险。这项工作揭示了色氨酸代谢物/AHR/β-连环蛋白轴作为 CKD 患者微血管稀疏的介质,并证明了其在 CKD 模型中对 PAD 的靶向性。
更新日期:2022-01-05
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