Pain is a multidimensional experience with sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational, and cognitive-evaluative components. Pain aversiveness is one principal cause of suffering for patients with chronic pain, motivating research and drug development efforts to investigate and modulate neural activity in the brain’s circuits encoding pain unpleasantness. Here, we review progress in understanding the organization of emotion, motivation, cognition, and descending modulation circuits for pain perception. We describe the molecularly defined neuron types that collectively shape pain multidimensionality and its aversive quality. We also review how pharmacological, stimulation, neurofeedback, surgical, and cognitive-behavioral interventions alter activity in these circuits to relieve chronic pain.

中文翻译：

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疼痛的脑回路及其治疗

疼痛是一种多维体验，具有感官辨别、情感动机和认知评价成分。疼痛厌恶是慢性疼痛患者痛苦的主要原因之一，促使研究和药物开发努力研究和调节大脑回路中编码疼痛不愉快的神经活动。在这里，我们回顾了在理解疼痛感知的情绪、动机、认知和下行调制电路的组织方面取得的进展。我们描述了共同塑造疼痛多维性及其厌恶质量的分子定义的神经元类型。我们还回顾了药理学、刺激、神经反馈、手术和认知行为干预如何改变这些回路中的活动以缓解慢性疼痛。