The interaction between insulin and exercise is an example of balancing and modifying the effects of two opposing metabolic regulatory forces under varying conditions. While insulin is secreted after food intake and is the primary hormone increasing glucose storage as glycogen and fatty acid storage as triglycerides, exercise is a condition where fuel stores need to be mobilized and oxidized. Thus, during physical activity the fuel storage effects of insulin need to be suppressed. This is done primarily by inhibiting insulin secretion during exercise as well as activating local and systemic fuel mobilizing processes. In contrast, following exercise there is a need for refilling the fuel depots mobilized during exercise, particularly the glycogen stores in muscle. This process is facilitated by an increase in insulin sensitivity of the muscles previously engaged in physical activity which directs glucose to glycogen resynthesis. In physically trained individuals, insulin sensitivity is also higher than in untrained individuals due to adaptations in the vasculature, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. In this paper, we review the interactions between insulin and exercise during and after exercise, as well as the effects of regular exercise training on insulin action.

中文翻译：

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胰岛素与运动之间的相互作用

胰岛素和运动之间的相互作用是在不同条件下平衡和修改两种相反的代谢调节力的影响的一个例子。虽然胰岛素是在食物摄入后分泌的，并且是增加葡萄糖作为糖原储存和脂肪酸储存作为甘油三酯的主要激素，但运动是需要调动和氧化燃料储存的条件。因此，在体力活动期间，需要抑制胰岛素的燃料储存效应。这主要是通过在运动期间抑制胰岛素分泌以及激活局部和全身燃料动员过程来实现的。相比之下，运动后需要重新填充运动期间动员的燃料库，特别是肌肉中的糖原储存。这一过程是由先前从事体育活动的肌肉的胰岛素敏感性增加而促进的，这些肌肉将葡萄糖引导至糖原再合成。由于脉管系统、骨骼肌和脂肪组织的适应性，在接受过体育训练的个体中，胰岛素敏感性也高于未受过训练的个体。在本文中，我们回顾了运动期间和运动后胰岛素与运动之间的相互作用，以及定期运动训练对胰岛素作用的影响。