The Argentinian cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) breeding program was established in 1923 and since then it has released more than 40 commercial cultivars of cotton and numerous germplasm lines. Genetic progress studies have been used to evaluate the historical enhancement of different traits and to provide insights into possible improvements in future cultivars. In this context, the present study aims to estimate the genetic progress for lint yield (LY) and its components among cotton cultivars released in Argentina since 1965 throughout different environmental conditions and to determine correlations among agronomic traits. This study was conducted over a 2-year period and included 20 cotton cultivars grown in four different environments through different sowing dates. Genetic progress in LY was 3.24 kg.ha⁻¹.y⁻¹ with no differences among environments. The LY improvement was accompanied by a significant increase in seed cotton yield (SCY), lint percentage (LP), number of boll. m⁻² (NB) and lint.seed⁻¹ (LS). The environment was the dominant factor governing LY and its main components, except for LP where genotype was the dominating factor. Pearson correlation showed that LY, SCY, BN, boll weight, lint.boll^-1, number seed.boll^-1, and seed index were positively correlated. The information obtained from this study would be an important tool for crop management and breeding programs for high yielding cotton.

阿根廷棉花 ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) 育种计划成立于 1923 年，从那时起，它已经发布了 40 多个棉花商业品种和众多种质品系。遗传进展研究已被用于评估不同性状的历史增强，并提供对未来栽培品种可能改进的见解。在此背景下，本研究旨在估计自 1965 年以来阿根廷在不同环境条件下发布的棉花品种的皮棉产量 (LY) 及其成分的遗传进展，并确定农艺性状之间的相关性。该研究历时 2 年，包括 20 个棉花品种，这些品种在四种不同的环境中通过不同的播种日期种植。LY 的遗传进展为 3.24 kg.ha⁻¹ .y ⁻¹环境之间没有差异。LY 改良伴随着籽棉产量 (SCY)、皮棉百分比 (LP)、棉铃数的显着增加。m ^-2 (NB) 和 lint.seed ^-1 (LS)。环境是控制 LY 及其主要成分的主导因素，除了 LP 基因型是主导因素。Pearson相关表明LY、SCY、BN、铃重、lint.boll ^-1、seed.boll ^-1和种子指数呈正相关。从这项研究中获得的信息将成为高产棉花作物管理和育种计划的重要工具。