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Water- and Energy-Efficient Appliances for Circular Water Economy: Conceptual Framework Development and Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Water Consumption
ACS ES&T Engineering ( IF 7.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-08 , DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.1c00243 Tony Geglio 1 , Terrianna Bradley 1 , Tia Williams 1 , Shan Zhou 2 , David Watkins 1 , Daisuke Minakata 1
ACS ES&T Engineering ( IF 7.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-08 , DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.1c00243 Tony Geglio 1 , Terrianna Bradley 1 , Tia Williams 1 , Shan Zhou 2 , David Watkins 1 , Daisuke Minakata 1
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The concept of circular water economy has emerged for the sustainable and resilient use of water and for mitigating attendant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although macroscale circular water economy has been widely addressed, analysis of microscale household circular water economy, including water–energy nexus aspects, has not been thoroughly developed and documented. In this study, we quantify the contribution of household water and energy use to water consumption and GHG emissions. We develop a comprehensive spreadsheet-based input–output model to calculate the net GHG emission expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) and water consumption levels of household appliances for various supply- and demand-side scenarios. We quantitatively evaluate the impact of temporally and spatially varying emission factors of energy production on the GHG emissions and water consumption for a model household that employs appliances with various efficiency levels. To advance the concept of a circular water economy, we develop a framework for considering water reduction, reuse, recycling, and recovery, along with retrofitting/remanufacturing of water and energy appliances and fixtures. Finally, we illustrate the choices in household water and energy systems through a trade-off analysis based on the capital and annual costs of each appliance.
中文翻译：
循环水经济节水节能设备：温室气体排放和水消耗的概念框架开发和分析
循环水经济的概念已经出现，用于可持续和有弹性地使用水并减少随之而来的温室气体 (GHG) 排放。尽管宏观循环水经济已得到广泛解决，但对包括水-能源关系方面在内的微观家庭循环水经济的分析尚未得到彻底发展和记录。在这项研究中，我们量化了家庭用水和能源使用对用水量和温室气体排放的贡献。我们开发了一个基于电子表格的综合投入产出模型来计算以二氧化碳当量（CO 2e) 各种供需侧情景下的家用电器用水量水平。我们定量评估能源生产的时间和空间变化的排放因子对使用具有不同效率水平的电器的模型家庭的温室气体排放和水消耗的影响。为了推进循环水经济的概念，我们制定了一个框架来考虑减水、再利用、循环和回收，以及水和能源设备和固定装置的改造/再制造。最后，我们通过基于每个设备的资本和年度成本的权衡分析来说明家庭用水和能源系统的选择。
更新日期：2021-11-08
中文翻译：
循环水经济节水节能设备：温室气体排放和水消耗的概念框架开发和分析
循环水经济的概念已经出现，用于可持续和有弹性地使用水并减少随之而来的温室气体 (GHG) 排放。尽管宏观循环水经济已得到广泛解决，但对包括水-能源关系方面在内的微观家庭循环水经济的分析尚未得到彻底发展和记录。在这项研究中，我们量化了家庭用水和能源使用对用水量和温室气体排放的贡献。我们开发了一个基于电子表格的综合投入产出模型来计算以二氧化碳当量（CO 2e) 各种供需侧情景下的家用电器用水量水平。我们定量评估能源生产的时间和空间变化的排放因子对使用具有不同效率水平的电器的模型家庭的温室气体排放和水消耗的影响。为了推进循环水经济的概念，我们制定了一个框架来考虑减水、再利用、循环和回收，以及水和能源设备和固定装置的改造/再制造。最后，我们通过基于每个设备的资本和年度成本的权衡分析来说明家庭用水和能源系统的选择。
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