Aims The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 5 years of supervised exercise training (ExComb), and the differential effects of subgroups of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), with control on the cardiovascular risk profile in older adults. Methods and results Older adults aged 70–77 years from Trondheim, Norway (n = 1567, 50% women), able to safely perform exercise training were randomized to 5 years of two weekly sessions of HIIT [∼90% of peak heart rate (HR), n = 400] or MICT (∼70% of peak HR, n = 387), together forming ExComb (n = 787), or control (instructed to follow physical activity recommendations, n = 780). The main outcome was a continuous cardiovascular risk score (CCR), individual cardiovascular risk factors, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). CCR was not significantly lower [−0.19, 99% confidence interval (CI) −0.46 to 0.07] and VO2peak was not significantly higher (0.39 mL/kg/min, 99% CI −0.22 to 1.00) for ExComb vs. control. HIIT showed higher VO2peak (0.76 mL/kg/min, 99% CI 0.02–1.51), but not lower CCR (−0.32, 99% CI −0.64 to 0.01) vs. control. MICT did not show significant differences compared to control or HIIT. Individual risk factors mostly did not show significant between-group differences, with some exceptions for HIIT being better than control. There was no significant effect modification by sex. The number of cardiovascular events was similar across groups. The healthy and fit study sample, and contamination and cross-over between intervention groups, challenged the possibility of detecting between-group differences. Conclusions Five years of supervised exercise training in older adults had little effect on cardiovascular risk profile and did not reduce cardiovascular events. Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01666340.

中文翻译：

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5 年运动训练对老年人心血管风险状况的影响：第 100 代随机试验

目的 本研究的目的是比较 5 年监督运动训练 (ExComb) 的效果，以及高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 和中等强度持续训练 (MICT) 亚组的不同效果，并控制老年人的心血管风险状况。方法和结果 来自挪威特隆赫姆的 70-77 岁的老年人（n = 1567，50% 的女性）能够安全地进行运动训练，被随机分配到为期 5 年的每周两次 HIIT 训练[~90% 的峰值心率（ HR），n = 400] 或 MICT（约 70% 的峰值 HR，n = 387），共同形成 ExComb（n = 787）或对照（指示遵循体育活动建议，n = 780）。主要结果是持续心血管风险评分（CCR）、个体心血管风险因素和峰值摄氧量（VO2peak）。ExComb 与对照组相比，CCR 没有显着降低 [-0.19, 99% 置信区间 (CI) -0.46 到 0.07]，VO2peak 没有显着升高 (0.39 mL/kg/min, 99% CI -0.22 到 1.00)。与对照组相比，HIIT 显示出更高的 VO2peak（0.76 mL/kg/min，99% CI 0.02–1.51），但没有更低的 CCR（-0.32，99% CI -0.64 至 0.01）。与对照组或 HIIT 相比，MICT 没有显示出显着差异。个体风险因素大多没有显示出显着的组间差异，HIIT 的一些例外情况优于对照组。性别没有显着的影响修正。各组心血管事件的数量相似。健康和健康的研究样本，以及干预组之间的污染和交叉，挑战了检测组间差异的可能性。结论 对老年人进行 5 年有监督的运动训练对心血管风险状况几乎没有影响，也没有减少心血管事件。注册 ClinicalTrials.gov：NCT01666340。