Metagenomics provides a new window into the structure and function of the human gut microbiome. Results suggest that certain properties of the adult gut microbial community are conserved across host populations and show remarkable resilience. The non-random clustering of taxa in gut microbiomes is evidence for the existence of functional networks in communities that may be involved in underlying dynamical processes giving rise to these patterns. Models for understanding the underlying structure (including enterotypes) and derived properties are in demand by researchers. We propose a simple random function system to model adaption and self-organization of the microbiome taxonomic space when fostering the optimal functioning of the system. The construction of this model is based on key facts of microbiota functioning, reported in recent studies. We aim to demonstrate the existence of a probability distribution as a microbiome attractor resulting from an intermittent adaption process. Its mathematical structural properties explain the stability of gut microbiota and its resilience to perturbation after occasional stress. The model is consistent with microbiome clustering results and provides precise mathematical meaning to reported gradients among enterotypes. The model also explains how intermittent perturbations, such as long-term dietary patterns, may affect microbiome structure; these results are consistent with reported experimental results. The mathematical facts implied by the model reveal an underlying mechanism that may explain gut microbiome structure and related experimental findings. Within this framework, stability and resilience properties of human gut microbiota are explained as a consequence of the model.

中文翻译：

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类肠型微生物组分层作为复杂自适应系统中的紧急结构：一个数学模型

宏基因组学为了解人类肠道微生物组的结构和功能提供了一个新窗口。结果表明，成年肠道微生物群落的某些特性在宿主种群中是保守的，并显示出显着的恢复力。肠道微生物组中分类群的非随机聚类是群落中存在功能网络的证据，这些功能网络可能参与导致这些模式的潜在动态过程。研究人员需要用于理解潜在结构（包括肠型）和衍生特性的模型。我们提出了一个简单的随机函数系统来模拟微生物组分类空间的适应和自组织，同时促进系统的最佳功能。该模型的构建基于最近研究报告的微生物群功能的关键事实。我们的目标是证明存在概率分布作为由间歇性适应过程产生的微生物组吸引子。它的数学结构特性解释了肠道微生物群的稳定性及其对偶尔压力后扰动的恢复能力。该模型与微生物组聚类结果一致，并为报告的肠型梯度提供了精确的数学意义。该模型还解释了间歇性扰动（例如长期饮食模式）如何影响微生物组结构；这些结果与报告的实验结果一致。该模型所暗示的数学事实揭示了一种可能解释肠道微生物组结构和相关实验结果的潜在机制。在这个框架内，