Self-control has important consequences, but key questions remain regarding the underlying mechanisms involved in self-control over time. This research examined this issue, focusing on the process model of depletion. In particular, this study examined have-to and want-to motivation over time to provide a direct examination of central process model propositions and to investigate extensions to this model involving antecedents and outcomes associated with individual differences in have-to and want-to slopes and intercepts. Participants (N = 238) were presented with a self-control task for 45 min and reported have-to and want-to motivation levels every three minutes. Delay of gratification, future time perspective (antecedents), and task performance (outcome) were also measured. Results from multilevel modeling analyses indicated that have-to motivation decreased over time, want-to motivation increased over time, total time on the self-control task predicted have-to slope, future time perspective predicted have-to intercept, and have-to slope predicted task performance. These findings provide support for aspects of the process model, lead to new insights regarding self-control over time, and suggest additional directions for future research to further expand our understanding of control processes.

中文翻译：

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Ya gotta want: 在自我控制过程中改变动机优先级

自我控制具有重要的后果，但随着时间的推移，关于自我控制所涉及的潜在机制的关键问题仍然存在。本研究探讨了这个问题，重点是耗竭的过程模型。特别是，本研究随着时间的推移检查了不得不和想要的动机，以提供对中心过程模型命题的直接检查，并调查该模型的扩展，涉及与不得不和想要斜率的个体差异相关的前因和结果并拦截。参与者 ( N = 238) 接受了 45 分钟的自我控制任务，并每三分钟报告一次必须和想要的动机水平。还测量了延迟满足、未来时间展望（前因）和任务绩效（结果）。多级建模分析的结果表明，不得不做的动机随着时间的推移而减少，想要的动机随着时间的推移而增加，自我控制任务的总时间预测必须倾斜，未来时间预测预测必须拦截，以及必须斜率预测任务性能。这些发现为过程模型的各个方面提供了支持，带来了关于随着时间的推移自我控制的新见解，并为未来研究提供了额外的方向，以进一步扩展我们对控制过程的理解。