This article examines how a cyber-operation that has consequences similar to a kinetic or physical attack — causing serious loss of life or physical damage — could be encompassed within the crimes prosecuted before the International Criminal Court (ICC). It explains when and how such a cyber-operation could fall within the ambit of the ICC’s crimes — genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. The article additionally acknowledges some limitations as to which cyber-operations would be encompassed, given the ICC’s gravity threshold as well as the potential difficulty of attributing conduct to a particular suspect through admissible evidence that could meet the requirement of proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Notwithstanding such limitations, increased awareness of the previously largely overlooked potential of the Rome Statute to cover certain cyber-operations could potentially contribute to deterring such crimes.

中文翻译：

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罗马规约下的网络行动刑事定罪

本文探讨了后果类似于动能或物理攻击（造成严重生命损失或物理损害）的网络行动如何包含在国际刑事法院 (ICC) 起诉的罪行中。它解释了这种网络行动何时以及如何可能属于国际刑事法院罪行的范围——种族灭绝罪、危害人类罪、战争罪和侵略罪。鉴于国际刑事法院的严重性阈值以及通过可满足排除合理怀疑的证据要求的可采证据将行为归咎于特定嫌疑人的潜在困难，该文章还承认了网络行动将包括在内的一些限制。尽管有这些限制，