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N6-methyladenosine reader IMP2 stabilizes the ZFAS1/OLA1 axis and activates the Warburg effect: implication in colorectal cancer
Journal of Hematology & Oncology ( IF 29.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-07 , DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01204-0
Senxu Lu 1, 2 , Li Han 1, 2 , Xiaoyun Hu 1, 2 , Tong Sun 1, 2 , Dongping Xu 1, 2 , Yalun Li 3 , Qiuchen Chen 1, 2 , Weifan Yao 1, 2, 4 , Miao He 1, 2 , Zhenning Wang 5 , Huizhe Wu 1, 2 , Minjie Wei 1, 2, 4
Affiliation  

Accumulating evidence shows that N6-methyladenine (m6A) modulators contribute to the etiology and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the exact mechanisms of m6A reader involved in glycolytic metabolism remain vague. This article aimed to crosstalk the m6A reader with glycolytic metabolism and reveal a new mechanism for the progression of CRC. The relationship between candidate lncRNA and m6A reader was analyzed by bioinformatics, ISH and IHC assays. In vivo and in vitro studies (including MTT, CFA, trans-well, apoptosis, western blot, qRT-PCR and xenograft mouse models) were utilized to explore the biological functions of these indicators. Lactate detection, ATP activity detection and ECAR assays were used to verify the biological function of the downstream target. The bioinformatics, RNA stability, RIP experiments and RNA pull-down assays were used to explore the potential molecular mechanisms. We identified that the crosstalk of the m6A reader IMP2 with long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) ZFAS1 in an m6A modulation-dependent manner, subsequently augmented the recruitment of Obg-like ATPase 1 (OLA1) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and glycolysis during CRC proliferation and progression. Specifically, IMP2 and ZFAS1 are significantly overexpressed with elevated m6A levels in CRC cells and paired CRC cohorts (n = 144). These indicators could be independent biomarkers for CRC prognostic prediction. Notably, IMP2 regulated ZFAS1 expression and enhanced CRC cell proliferation, colony formation, and apoptosis inhibition; thus, it was oncogenic. Mechanistically, ZFAS1 is modified at adenosine +843 within the RGGAC/RRACH element in an m6A-dependent manner. Thus, direct interaction between the KH3–4 domain of IMP2 and ZFAS1 where IMP2 serves as a reader for m6A-modified ZFAS1 and promotes the RNA stability of ZFAS1 is critical for CRC development. More importantly, stabilized ZFAS1 recognizes the OBG-type functional domain of OLA1, which facilitated the exposure of ATP-binding sites (NVGKST, 32–37), enhanced its protein activity, and ultimately accelerated ATP hydrolysis and the Warburg effect. Our findings reveal a new cancer-promoting mechanism, that is, the critical modulation network underlying m6A readers stabilizes lncRNAs, and they jointly promote mitochondrial energy metabolism in the pathogenesis of CRC.

中文翻译:

N6-甲基腺苷阅读器 IMP2 稳定 ZFAS1/OLA1 轴并激活 Warburg 效应:对结直肠癌的影响

越来越多的证据表明,N6-甲基腺嘌呤 (m6A) 调节剂有助于结直肠癌 (CRC) 的病因和进展。然而,m6A阅读器参与糖酵解代谢的确切机制仍不清楚。本文旨在将 m6A 阅读器与糖酵解代谢进行串扰,并揭示 CRC 进展的新机制。通过生物信息学、ISH 和 IHC 分析分析候选 lncRNA 和 m6A 阅读器之间的关系。利用体内和体外研究(包括MTT、CFA、trans-well、细胞凋亡、蛋白质印迹、qRT-PCR和异种移植小鼠模型)来探索这些指标的生物学功能。乳酸检测、ATP 活性检测和 ECAR 测定用于验证下游靶标的生物学功能。生物信息学、RNA稳定性、RIP 实验和 RNA 下拉分析用于探索潜在的分子机制。我们发现 m6A 阅读器 IMP2 与长链非编码 RNA (lncRNA) ZFAS1 以 m6A 调节依赖的方式串扰,随后增加了 Obg 样 ATPase 1 (OLA1) 和三磷酸腺苷 (ATP) 水解和糖酵解过程中的募集。 CRC的增殖和进展。具体而言,IMP2 和 ZFAS1 在 CRC 细胞和成对的 CRC 队列(n = 144)中显着过表达,m6A 水平升高。这些指标可能是 CRC 预后预测的独立生物标志物。值得注意的是,IMP2 调节 ZFAS1 表达并增强 CRC 细胞增殖、集落形成和细胞凋亡抑制。因此,它是致癌的。机械地,ZFAS1 在 RGGAC/RRACH 元件内的腺苷 +843 处以 m6A 依赖性方式进行修饰。因此,IMP2 的 KH3-4 结构域和 ZFAS1 之间的直接相互作用,其中 IMP2 作为 m6A 修饰的 ZFAS1 的读取器并促进 ZFAS1 的 RNA 稳定性对于 CRC 发展至关重要。更重要的是,稳定的 ZFAS1 识别 OLA1 的 OBG 型功能域,这促进了 ATP 结合位点(NVGKST,32-37)的暴露,增强了其蛋白质活性,并最终加速了 ATP 水解和 Warburg 效应。我们的研究结果揭示了一种新的促癌机制,即 m6A 阅读器的关键调节网络稳定了 lncRNA,它们共同促进了 CRC 发病机制中的线粒体能量代谢。IMP2 的 KH3-4 结构域和 ZFAS1 之间的直接相互作用,其中 IMP2 作为 m6A 修饰的 ZFAS1 的读取器并促进 ZFAS1 的 RNA 稳定性对于 CRC 发展至关重要。更重要的是,稳定的 ZFAS1 识别 OLA1 的 OBG 型功能域,这促进了 ATP 结合位点(NVGKST,32-37)的暴露,增强了其蛋白质活性,并最终加速了 ATP 水解和 Warburg 效应。我们的研究结果揭示了一种新的促癌机制,即 m6A 阅读器的关键调节网络稳定了 lncRNA,它们共同促进了 CRC 发病机制中的线粒体能量代谢。IMP2 的 KH3-4 结构域和 ZFAS1 之间的直接相互作用,其中 IMP2 作为 m6A 修饰的 ZFAS1 的读取器并促进 ZFAS1 的 RNA 稳定性对于 CRC 发展至关重要。更重要的是,稳定的 ZFAS1 识别 OLA1 的 OBG 型功能域,这促进了 ATP 结合位点(NVGKST,32-37)的暴露,增强了其蛋白质活性,并最终加速了 ATP 水解和 Warburg 效应。我们的研究结果揭示了一种新的促癌机制,即 m6A 阅读器的关键调节网络稳定了 lncRNA,它们共同促进了 CRC 发病机制中的线粒体能量代谢。这促进了 ATP 结合位点 (NVGKST, 32-37) 的暴露,增强了其蛋白质活性,并最终加速了 ATP 水解和 Warburg 效应。我们的研究结果揭示了一种新的促癌机制,即 m6A 阅读器的关键调节网络稳定了 lncRNA,它们共同促进了 CRC 发病机制中的线粒体能量代谢。这促进了 ATP 结合位点 (NVGKST, 32-37) 的暴露,增强了其蛋白质活性,并最终加速了 ATP 水解和 Warburg 效应。我们的研究结果揭示了一种新的促癌机制,即 m6A 阅读器的关键调节网络稳定了 lncRNA,它们共同促进了 CRC 发病机制中的线粒体能量代谢。
更新日期:2021-11-08
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