Local infiltration and surface runoff generation depends on local land use, soil type, antecedent soil water content and slope, while runoff accumulation downstream is furthermore determined by re-infiltration along the flow paths. Hence, land use changes can both mitigate and exacerbate runoff accumulation and flood hazard, providing an opportunity to identify optimal locations for land use changes. An optimization method is presented, encompassing the iterative application of a spatially explicit rainfall-runoff model. This method ranks eligible locations (pixels) according to their modelled contribution to accumulated runoff downstream for a given land use change and given rainfall events, thereby guaranteeing maximal or minimal impact. This method was tested for two medium-sized catchments, located in Flanders, Belgium. Three land use changes were considered: afforestation, sealing and practicing winter cover crops. Results show the considerable impact of these land use changes and their locations on runoff accumulation at the outlet: afforestation of all eligible pixels reduces runoff volumes with 67% to 84 %, cover crops reduce runoff volumes in winter with 42% to 37%, while sealing triples runoff. The priority pixels have a larger impact on downstream runoff volume: afforesting or sealing the 20% highest or lowest ranked pixels leads to a reduction of 71% to 54%, resp. an increase of 102% to 115%. These priority pixels are characterized by high flow accumulation, highlighting the importance of enhancing the infiltration capacity in river valleys. The presented procedure allows spatial planners to consider the impact of local land use interventions to flood resistance downstream.

局部入渗和地表径流的产生取决于当地的土地利用、土壤类型、前期土壤含水量和坡度，而下游的径流积累进一步由沿流道的再入渗决定。因此，土地利用变化既可以减轻也可以加剧径流积累和洪水灾害，为确定土地利用变化的最佳位置提供了机会。提出了一种优化方法，包括空间显式降雨径流模型的迭代应用。该方法根据给定土地利用变化和给定降雨事件对下游累积径流的建模贡献对合格位置（像素）进行排名，从而保证最大或最小影响。该方法在位于比利时佛兰德斯的两个中型集水区进行了测试。考虑了三种土地利用变化：植树造林、密封和种植冬季覆盖作物。结果表明，这些土地利用变化及其位置对出口径流积累产生了相当大的影响：所有符合条件的像素的植树造林使径流量减少了 67% 到 84%，覆盖作物减少了冬季径流量 42% 到 37%，而密封三倍径流。优先像素对下游径流量的影响更大：绿化或封闭 20% 最高或最低排名的像素导致 71% 至 54% 的减少，分别为。增长了 102% 至 115%。这些优先像素具有高流量积累的特点，突出了增强河谷入渗能力的重要性。