Psychoactive substances are ubiquitous in the environment at low concentrations, and tobacco, cannabis, etc. are all widely-existing examples. Given their potent biological activity, psychoactive substances are suspected to be harmful to the environment, and reports of their ecological risks are gradually increasing. Since the 1990s, the investigations into psychoactive substances have made remarkable progress, yet some research fields still need to be modernised. For example, the unification of standardised analytical methods as well as the supplementation of occurrence literature. In addition, a relatively lagging risk evaluation system caused by a lack of toxicity data is particularly in need of improvement. The purpose of this article is to develop a review of current research on psychoactive substances, including analytical methods, distribution in environmental compartments, and ecological risk assessment, as well as to point out deficiencies and development prospects and to offer motivation for enhancing the research level in this field.

精神活性物质在环境中普遍存在，浓度很低，烟草、大麻等都是普遍存在的例子。鉴于其强大的生物活性，精神活性物质被怀疑对环境有害，关于其生态风险的报道逐渐增多。1990年代以来，精神活性物质的研究取得了显着进展，但部分研究领域仍需现代化。例如标准化分析方法的统一以及发生文献的补充。此外，由于缺乏毒性数据而导致的相对滞后的风险评估体系尤其需要改进。本文的目的是对当前关于精神活性物质的研究进行综述，包括分析方法、