The Mediterranean island of Sardinia shows the highest suicide rate in Italy among men (23.07 × 10⁵ per year vs the average national rate of 13.80 × 10⁵ per year). In contrast, the suicide rate among Sardinian women is one of the lowest across all the Italian regions. The aim of this epidemiological study was to investigate the distribution of suicide mortality in Sardinia in relation with environmental and social factors using geospatial analysis. Data available from the total 377 Sardinian municipalities, including suicidal mortality and several socio-economic indicators, were retrieved and analysed. Ordinary least squares regression was used to investigate the association between suicide mortality and the selected indicators. Suicides among men reached a peak in the Southern-Eastern area of the island. Overall, the multivariable analysis showed that suicidal mortality was significantly and positively related with the altitude (0.243, P = 0.001), the occupational hardship index (0.230, P = 0.016), and the social services hardship index (0.149, P < 0.0001), and negatively with pro-capita income (‒0.122, P = 0.012). After adjusting for all covariates, the index of multiple deprivation, the environmental and the educational index respectively, remained the only significant predictors. These findings suggest that social distress is the main factor leading to suicide among Sardinia men.

地中海撒丁岛是意大利男性自杀率最高的地区（每年23.07 × 10 ⁵，而全国平均死亡率为 13.80 × 10 ⁵每年）。相比之下，撒丁岛妇女的自杀率是意大利所有地区中最低的之一。本流行病学研究的目的是使用地理空间分析调查撒丁岛自杀死亡率与环境和社会因素相关的分布。检索和分析了来自撒丁岛 377 个城市的可用数据，包括自杀死亡率和若干社会经济指标。普通最小二乘回归用于研究自杀死亡率与所选指标之间的关联。在该岛的东南部地区，男性的自杀率达到了顶峰。总体而言，多变量分析表明，自杀死亡率与海拔高度（0.243，P=0.001）、职业艰辛指数（0.230，P=0. 016）和社会服务困难指数（0.149，P < 0.0001），并与人均收入呈负相关（‒0.122，P = 0.012）。在对所有协变量进行调整后，多重剥夺指数、环境指数和教育指数仍然是唯一的显着预测因子。这些发现表明，社交困境是导致撒丁岛男性自杀的主要因素。