The benefits of exercise to human health have long been recognised. However, only in the past decade have researchers started to discover the molecular benefits that exercise confers, especially to the central nervous system (CNS). These discoveries include the magnitude of molecular messages that are communicated from skeletal muscle to the CNS. Despite these advances in understanding, very limited studies have been conducted to decipher the molecular benefits of exercise in retinal health and disease. Here, we review the latest work on the effects of exercise on the retina and discuss its effects on the wider CNS, with a focus on demonstrating the potential applicability and comparative molecular mechanisms that may be occurring in the retina. This review covers the key molecular pathways where exercise exerts its effects: oxidative stress and mitochondrial health; inflammation; protein aggregation; neuronal health; and tissue crosstalk via extracellular vesicles. Further research on the benefits of exercise to the retina and its molecular messages within extracellular vesicles is highly topical in this field.

中文翻译：

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跑步拯救视力：运动对视网膜健康和功能的影响

运动对人类健康的益处早已得到认可。然而，直到过去十年，研究人员才开始发现运动带来的分子益处，尤其是对中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的益处。这些发现包括从骨骼肌传递到中枢神经系统的分子信息的量级。尽管在理解方面取得了这些进展，但在破译运动对视网膜健康和疾病的分子益处方面进行的研究非常有限。在这里，我们回顾了有关运动对视网膜影响的最新工作，并讨论了它对更广泛的 CNS 的影响，重点是展示视网膜中可能发生的潜在适用性和比较分子机制。这篇综述涵盖了运动发挥作用的关键分子途径：氧化应激和线粒体健康；炎; 蛋白质聚集；神经元健康；和通过细胞外囊泡的组织串扰。进一步研究运动对视网膜的益处及其在细胞外囊泡内的分子信息是该领域的热门话题。