OBJECTIVES To determine average changes and individuals' patterns of change in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, general distress, and life satisfaction between admission to spinal cord injury inpatient rehabilitation and discharge; and to identify factors associated with change. METHOD Longitudinal data collection as part of a national cohort study (N = 281). Changes in the psychological adaptation outcomes were analyzed using latent change score models. Reliable change indexes were calculated for each outcome to identify individuals' patterns of change. Biopsychosocial factors were examined as covariates of change. RESULTS On average, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and general distress decreased between admission and discharge, while life satisfaction increased. According to the reliable change indexes, several adaptation patterns were identified. The proportion of individuals following each pattern varied depending on the analyzed outcome: resilience (absence of clinically relevant symptoms at admission and discharge) was the most common for symptoms of depression (61.57%) and anxiety (66.55%), whereas vulnerability (clinically relevant symptoms at both measurement times) was the most common for distress (57.32%). Improvement patterns (statistically significant decreases) were identified for 6.41%, 4.27%, and 7.83% of participants in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and distress, respectively. For life satisfaction, improvement (statistically significant increases) was found for 8.54%. Male sex, tetraplegia, self-efficacy, optimism, and social support were associated with average changes in the psychological adaptation outcomes. CONCLUSIONS On average, participants showed improvement in all analyzed outcomes. Still, there is substantial variability in change. Self-efficacy, social support, and optimism are potential intervention targets during inpatient rehabilitation to promote a favorable psychological adaptation process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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脊髓损伤住院康复期间心理适应结果的纵向变化。

目的 确定在脊髓损伤住院康复和出院之间抑郁症状、焦虑症状、一般痛苦和生活满意度的平均变化和个体变化模式；并确定与变化相关的因素。方法 纵向数据收集作为国家队列研究的一部分（N = 281）。使用潜在变化评分模型分析心理适应结果的变化。为每个结果计算了可靠的变化指数，以确定个人的变化模式。生物心理社会因素作为变化的协变量进行了检查。结果 平均而言，在入院和出院之间，抑郁症状、焦虑症状和一般痛苦有所减少，而生活满意度有所提高。根据可靠的变化指标，确定了几种适应模式。遵循每种模式的个体比例因分析的结果而异：韧性（入院和出院时没有临床相关症状）是抑郁 (61.57%) 和焦虑 (66.55%) 症状最常见的，而脆弱性（临床相关两个测量时间的症状）是最常见的痛苦（57.32%）。分别有 6.41%、4.27% 和 7.83% 的参与者出现抑郁症状、焦虑症状和困扰，其改善模式（统计上显着下降）被确定。对于生活满意度，发现有 8.54% 的改善（统计上显着增加）。男性、四肢瘫痪、自我效能感、乐观和社会支持与心理适应结果的平均变化有关。结论 平均而言，参与者的所有分析结果均有所改善。尽管如此，变化仍然存在很大的可变性。自我效能、社会支持和乐观是住院康复过程中潜在的干预目标，以促进良好的心理适应过程。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。