During the Cold War, Bulgaria was a staunch ally of the Soviet Union, and the Bulgarian State Security (DS) service worked extremely closely with the Soviet State Security Committee (KGB) on a wide range of matters, including disinformation operations as well as “sharp measures”—abductions, sabotage, and, most notably, assassinations. Not until the Cold War ended and the DS archives in Bulgaria were made accessible were scholars able to explore these intelligence operations in great depth. Although the lack of access to the KGB's foreign intelligence collections in Yasenevo poses certain limits, the availability of DS collections, including many copies of KGB records, has been a gold mine for Western scholars of Cold War–era intelligence activities. Drawing mainly on Bulgarian archival sources, this article analyzes KGB-DS intelligence cooperation regarding disinformation and “sharp measures.” Among the topics covered are recently disclosed sources on the assassination of the dissident Bulgarian writer Georgi Markov in London 1978 and the assassination attempt against Pope John Paul II in May 1981. The article thus provides historical context for contemporary debates about Russian security services and their strategic use of disinformation and active measures.

冷战期间，保加利亚是苏联的坚定盟友，保加利亚国家安全局 (DS) 与苏联国家安全委员会 (KGB) 在广泛的事务上密切合作，包括虚假信息行动以及“严厉措施”——绑架、破坏，以及最显着的暗杀。直到冷战结束，保加利亚的 DS 档案可供访问，学者们才能够深入探索这些情报行动。尽管在亚塞内沃无法访问克格勃的外国情报收藏品造成了一定的限制，但 DS 收藏品的可用性，包括许多克格勃记录副本，一直是西方学者冷战时期情报活动的金矿。主要借鉴保加利亚档案资料，本文分析了 KGB-DS 在虚假信息和“严厉措施”方面的情报合作。所涵盖的主题包括最近披露的有关 1978 年伦敦持不同政见的保加利亚作家乔治·马尔科夫 (Georgi Markov) 和 1981 年 5 月暗杀教皇约翰·保罗二世 (Pope John Paul II) 的消息来源。使用虚假信息和积极措施。