Long-term exposure to PM2.5 major components and mortality in the southeastern United States,Environment International

当前位置： X-MOL 学术 › Environ. Int. › 论文详情

Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)

Long-term exposure to PM2.5 major components and mortality in the southeastern United States
Environment International ( IF 10.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-04 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106969
Yifan Wang ₁ , Siyao Xiao ₁ , Yuhan Zhang ₂ , Howard Chang ₃ , Randall V Martin ₄ , Aaron Van Donkelaar ₅ , Audrey Gaskins ₂ , Yang Liu ₁ , Pengfei Liu ₆ , Liuhua Shi ₁

Affiliation

Background

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) mass has been associated with adverse health effects. However, the health effects of PM_2.5 components have been less studied. There is a pressing need to better understand the relative contribution of components of PM_2.5, which can lay the scientific basis for designing effective policies and targeted interventions.

Methods

We conducted a population-based cohort study, comprising all Medicare enrollees aged 65 or older in the southeastern United States from 2000 to 2016, to explore the associations between long-term exposure to PM_2.5 major components and all-cause mortality among the elderly. Based on well-validated prediction models, we estimated ZIP code-level annual mean concentrations for five major PM_2.5 components, including black carbon (BC), nitrate (NIT), organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO₄), and soil particles. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

The cohort comprised 13,590,387 Medicare enrollees and a total of 107,191,652 person-years. In single-component models, all five major PM_2.5 components were significantly associated with elevated all-cause mortality. The hazard ratios (HR) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure were 1.027 (95% CI: 1.025–1.030), 1.012 (95% CI: 1.010–1.013), 1.018 (95% CI: 1.017–1.020), 1.021 (95% CI: 1.017–1.024), and 1.004 (95% CI: 1.003–1.006) for BC, NIT, OM, SO₄, and soil particles, respectively. While the effect estimate of soil component was statistically significant, it is much smaller than those of combustion-related components.

Conclusion

Our study provides epidemiological evidence that long-term exposure to major PM_2.5 components is significantly associated with elevated mortality.

中文翻译：

美国东南部PM2.5主要成分长期暴露与死亡率

背景

长期接触细颗粒物 (PM _2.5 ) 质量与不良健康影响有关。然而，PM _2.5成分对健康的影响研究较少。迫切需要更好地了解 PM _2.5成分的相对贡献，这可以为设计有效的政策和有针对性的干预措施奠定科学基础。

方法

我们进行了一项基于人群的队列研究，包括 2000 年至 2016 年美国东南部所有 65 岁或以上的医疗保险参保者，以探索长期接触 PM _2.5主要成分与老年人全因死亡率之间的关联。_{基于经过充分验证的预测模型，我们估算了五种主要 PM 2.5}成分的邮政编码年平均浓度，包括黑碳 (BC)、硝酸盐 (NIT)、有机物 (OM)、硫酸盐 (SO ₄ ) 和土壤粒子。使用 Cox 比例风险模型分析数据，针对潜在的混杂因素进行调整。

结果

该队列包括 13,590,387 名 Medicare 登记者，总计 107,191,652 人年。在单组分模型中，所有五种主要 PM _2.5组分都与全因死亡率升高显着相关。每四分位数范围 (IQR) 暴露增加的风险比 (HR) 为 1.027 (95% CI: 1.025–1.030)、1.012 (95% CI: 1.010–1.013)、1.018 (95% CI: 1.017–1.020)、1.021 (95% CI：1.017–1.024)，BC、NIT、OM、SO ₄和土壤颗粒分别为 1.004 (95% CI：1.003–1.006)。虽然土壤成分的影响估计具有统计显着性，但它远小于与燃烧相关的成分。