Anemia is a common disease which affects around 40% of children and 30% of reproductive age women and can have major health consequences. The present study reports the global, regional and national burden of anemia and its underlying causes between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI). Publicly available data on the point prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) were retrieved from the global burden of disease (GBD) 2019 study for 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019. The point prevalence, YLD counts and rates per 100,000 population were presented, along with their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals. In 2019, the global age-standardized point prevalence and YLD rates for anemia were 23,176.2 (22,943.5–23,418.6) and 672.4 (447.2–981.5) per 100,000 population, respectively. Moreover, the global age-standardized point prevalence and YLD rate decreased by 13.4% (12.1–14.5%) and 18.8% (16.9–20.8%), respectively, over the period 1990–2019. The highest national point prevalences of anemia were found in Zambia [49327.1 (95% UI: 46,838.5–51,700.1)], Mali [46890.1 (95% UI: 44,301.1–49,389.8)], and Burkina Faso [46117.2 (95% UI: 43,640.7–48,319.2)]. In 2019, the global point prevalence of anemia was highest in the 15–19 and 95+ age groups in females and males, respectively. Also, the burden of anemia was lower in regions with higher socio-economic development. Globally, most of the prevalent cases were attributable to dietary iron deficiency, as well as hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic anemias. Anemia remains a major health problem, especially among females in less developed countries. The implementation of preventive programs with a focus on improving access to iron supplements, early diagnosis and the treatment of hemoglobinopathies should be taken into consideration.

中文翻译：

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1990-2019 年 204 个国家和地区的贫血负担及其根本原因：2019 年全球疾病负担研究结果

贫血是一种常见疾病，影响约 40% 的儿童和 30% 的育龄妇女，并可能对健康产生重大影响。本研究按年龄、性别和社会人口指数 (SDI) 报告了 1990 年至 2019 年间全球、区域和国家的贫血负担及其根本原因。从 1990 年至 2019 年间针对 204 个国家和地区的 2019 年全球疾病负担 (GBD) 研究检索了关于点患病率和残疾寿命 (YLD) 的公开数据。点患病率、YLD 计数和每 100,000 人的患病率是及其相应的 95% 不确定性区间。2019 年，全球贫血的年龄标准化点患病率和 YLD 率分别为每 100,000 人 23,176.2 (22,943.5–23,418.6) 和 672.4 (447.2–981.5)。而且，在 1990-2019 年期间，全球年龄标准化点患病率和 YLD 率分别下降了 13.4%（12.1-14.5%）和 18.8%（16.9-20.8%）。在赞比亚 [49327.1 (95% UI: 46,838.5–51,700.1)]、马里 [46890.1 (95% UI: 44,301.1–49,389.8)] 和布基纳法索 [46117.2 (95% UI: 43,640.7– 48,319.2)]。2019 年，全球贫血点患病率分别在 15-19 岁和 95 岁以上的女性和男性年龄组中最高。此外，在社会经济发展水平较高的地区，贫血的负担也较低。在全球范围内，大多数流行病例可归因于饮食缺铁，以及血红蛋白病和溶血性贫血。贫血仍然是一个主要的健康问题，尤其是在欠发达国家的女性中。