Although cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is safe and highly effective for individuals with various cardiovascular health conditions, to date there are only seven diagnoses or procedures identified by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services that qualify for referral. When considering the growing number of individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD), or other health conditions that increase the risk for CVD, it is important to determine the extent for which CR could benefit these populations. Furthermore, there are some patients who may currently be eligible for CR (spontaneous coronary artery dissection, left ventricular assistant device) but make up a relatively small proportion of the populations that are regularly attending and participating. Thus, these patient populations and special considerations for exercise might be less familiar to professionals who are supervising their programs. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature surrounding exercise testing and programming among four specific patient populations that either do not currently qualify for (chronic and end-stage renal disease, breast cancer survivor) or who are eligible but less commonly seen in CR (sudden coronary artery dissection, left ventricular assist device). While current evidence suggests that individuals with these health conditions can safely participate in and may benefit from supervised exercise programming, there is an immediate need for high-quality, multisite clinical trials to develop more specific exercise recommendations and support the inclusion of these populations in future CR programs.

中文翻译：

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重新思考康复：对可以从心脏康复中受益的患者群体的回顾。

尽管心脏康复 (CR) 对于患有各种心血管健康问题的个人来说是安全且高效的，但迄今为止，医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心仅确定了七种符合转诊资格的诊断或程序。当考虑到越来越多的人患有心血管疾病 (CVD) 或其他增加 CVD 风险的健康状况时，确定 CR 可以在多大程度上使这些人群受益非常重要。此外，有些患者目前可能符合 CR（自发性冠状动脉夹层、左心室辅助装置）条件，但在定期就诊和参与的人群中所占比例相对较小。因此，监督其项目的专业人员可能不太熟悉这些患者群体和运动的特殊注意事项。本综述的目的是总结当前关于四个特定患者群体运动测试和规划的文献，这些患者群体要么目前不符合资格（慢性和终末期肾病、乳腺癌幸存者），要么符合资格但不太常见CR（冠状动脉突然夹层，左心室辅助装置）。虽然目前的证据表明，患有这些健康状况的个人可以安全地参与监督锻炼计划，并可能受益于监督锻炼计划，但迫切需要高质量的多地点临床试验，以制定更具体的锻炼建议，并支持未来将这些人群纳入其中CR 计划。