In January 2020, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) invited experts from various parts of the world to share their knowledge on practical issues for the implementation of international humanitarian law (IHL) in military cyber operations. Participants included experts with experience in the development and use of military cyber operations, experience working for global IT companies and cyber threat intelligence firms, as well as lawyers and academics. Experts analysed the conduct of military cyber operations, focusing on how armed forces can understand and assess the risk of civilian harm and what measures might be effective and appropriate to avoid or mitigate such risks.

The rich discussions provided an insightful picture of the ways in which armed forces consider the application of IHL when conducting cyber operations and the risks that such operations can entail for the civilian population. What emerged from the discussions is that States need to invest time and resources to develop tools, processes to assess the risks of incidental civilian harm and measures to limit these risks.

2020 年 1 月，红十字国际委员会 (ICRC) 邀请了来自世界各地的专家就在网络军事行动中实施国际人道法 (IHL) 的实际问题分享他们的知识。参与者包括具有开发和使用军事网络行动经验的专家、在全球 IT 公司和网络威胁情报公司工作的经验，以及律师和学者。专家们分析了军事网络行动的行为，重点关注武装部队如何理解和评估平民伤害的风险，以及哪些措施可能有效和适当地避免或减轻此类风险。

丰富的讨论为武装部队在开展网络行动时考虑适用国际人道法的方式以及此类行动可能给平民带来的风险提供了深刻的印象。从讨论中得出的结论是，各国需要投入时间和资源来开发工具、评估附带平民伤害风险的流程以及限制这些风险的措施。