Regolith penetration for placing instruments into ground and regolith-sampling for re-entry or in-situ analysis play an extremely critical role in searching for alien life and revealing the geological information of extraterrestrial bodies. The planetary regolith sampler (PRS), a type of device that can penetrate, collect, transfer, and stow regolith samples, is commonly equipped on a lander or rover in planetary exploration, and is regarded as essential to broaden the application scenarios of planetary robots. Because of their extensive application prospects in deep space exploration, scientists and engineers worldwide have shown great interest in the design and development of such multifunctional devices. However, owing to the significant environmental differences among extraterrestrial bodies, it is challenging to create a full-featured PRS. To date, a large number of PRSs have been designed and developed for terrestrial scientific research or extraterrestrial regolith exploration. The PRSs utilized in previous extraterrestrial regolith-sampling missions and the latest advancements are reviewed in detail. Next, this work classifies the current PRSs into six categories according their sampling methods, namely drilling, excavating/grabbing, projecting, ultrasonic/sonic, pneumatic, and bio-inspired samplers, and summarizes their general characteristics. The challenges and constraints in sampling extraterrestrial bodies, including terrestrial technology, planetary environment, and remote distance, are analyzed and discussed in depth. The critical technologies for PRSs to change from a conceptual stage to a practical prototype are detailed, including design and fabrication, tool–regolith interaction, terrestrial validation, autonomous control, and sample fidelity. Finally, the critical trends of PRS are presented, covering near-term robotic exploration to cover the full geography to long-term human settlements.

用于将仪器放入地面的风化层渗透和用于再入或原位的风化层采样分析在寻找外星生命和揭示地外天体的地质信息方面起着极其重要的作用。行星风化层采样器（PRS）是一种可以穿透、收集、转移和储存风化层样品的装置，通常装备在行星探测中的着陆器或漫游车上，被认为是拓宽行星机器人应用场景必不可少的设备. 由于其在深空探测方面的广泛应用前景，世界各地的科学家和工程师都对此类多功能装置的设计和开发表现出极大的兴趣。然而，由于地外天体之间存在显着的环境差异，创建功能齐全的 PRS 具有挑战性。迄今为止，已经设计和开发了大量用于地球科学研究或外星风化​​层探索的 PRS。详细审查了以前外星风化层采样任务中使用的 PRS 和最新进展。接下来，本文根据采样方式将当前的 PRS 分为钻孔、挖掘/抓取、投射、超声波/声波、气动和仿生采样器六类，并总结了它们的一般特征。对地外天体采样的挑战和限制，包括地球技术、行星环境和遥远的距离，进行了深入的分析和讨论。详细介绍了 PRS 从概念阶段到实际原型的关键技术，包括设计和制造、工具-风化层相互作用、地面验证、自主控制和样本保真度。最后，介绍了 PRS 的关键趋势，涵盖近期机器人探索，以涵盖整个地理到长期人类住区。