Across two studies, we examined whether racially diverse contexts in combination with creating a third (multiracial) space played a protective role in the association between perceived monoracism and psychological adjustment for multiracial adults. Study 1 participants (N = 263; 77.8% female, M_age = 32.16 years) were recruited from national multiracial organizations and completed an online cross-sectional survey in 2009. Study 2 participants (N = 1478; 56.2% female, M_age = 48.89 years) were recruited by the Pew Research Center and completed a nationally representative survey in 2015. Results indicated significant three-way interaction effects on psychological adjustment, with differential effects depending on the types of perceived monoracism. Specifically, when subjective racial diversity was high, creating a third space buffered against the deleterious effects of multiracial discrimination on distress, negative affect, and life satisfaction; while it exacerbated the link between perceived racial ambiguity and negative affect. This study provides empirical evidence for the importance of using an ecological framework when examining multiracial identity and experiences. Results also highlight the need to move beyond conceptualizing and measuring multiracial experiences as dichotomous risks or resiliencies. Rather, we should aim to understand multiracial experiences as either promoting or inhibiting across contexts, time, and individual characteristics.

中文翻译：

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多种族成年人的单一种族歧视和心理调整：种族多样化背景和创造第三空间的作用

在两项研究中，我们检查了种族多样化背景与创造第三个（多种族）空间的结合是否在感知的单一种族主义与多种族成年人心理调整之间的关联中发挥了保护作用。研究 1 参与者（N  = 263；77.8% 女性，M_年龄 = 32.16 岁）从国家多种族组织中招募，并于 2009 年完成了在线横断面调查。研究 2 参与者（N  = 1478；56.2% 女性，M_年龄 = 48.89 岁）被皮尤研究中心招募，并于 2015 年完成了一项具有全国代表性的调查。结果表明，三向交互作用对心理调整有显着影响，其影响取决于感知到的单一种族的类型。具体来说，当主观种族多样性很高时，创建第三个空间来缓冲多种族歧视对痛苦、负面情绪和生活满意度的有害影响；同时它加剧了感知到的种族歧义和负面影响之间的联系。这项研究为在检查多种族身份和经历时使用生态框架的重要性提供了经验证据。结果还强调了超越将多种族经历概念化和衡量为二元风险或弹性的必要性。相当，