The Svalbard shelf and Atlantic Arctic Ocean are a transition zone between northward flowing Atlantic Water and ice-covered waters of the Arctic. Effects of regional ocean warming, sea ice loss and greater influence of Atlantic Water or “Atlantification” on the state of ocean acidification, i.e. calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) saturation (Ω) are yet to be fully understood. Anomalies in surface layer Ω for the climatically-vulnerable CaCO₃ mineral aragonite (ΔΩ) were determined by considering the variability in Ω_aragonite during late summer each year from 2014 to 2017 relative to the four-year average. Greatest sea ice extent and more Arctic-like conditions in 2014 resulted in ΔΩ anomalies of −0.05 to −0.01 (up to 45% of total ΔΩ) as a result of lower primary production. Conversely, greater Atlantic Water influence in 2015 supplied the ice-free surface layer with nitrate, which prolonged primary production to drive ΔΩ anomalies of 0.01 to 0.06 (up to 45% of total ΔΩ) in more Atlantic-like conditions. Additionally, dissolution of CaCO₃ increased carbonate ion concentrations giving ΔΩ anomalies up to 0.06 (up to 52% of total ΔΩ). These processes enhanced surface water Ω, which ranged between 2.01 and 2.65 across the region. Recent sea ice retreat in 2016 and 2017 (rate of decrease in ice cover of ∼4% in 30 days) created transitional Atlantic-Arctic conditions, where surface water Ω varied between 1.87 and 2.29 driven by ΔΩ anomalies of −0.10 to 0.01 due to meltwater inputs and influence of Arctic waters. Anomalies as low as −0.12 from reduced CaCO₃ dissolution in 2016 further supressed Ω. Wind-driven mixing in 2017 entrained Atlantic Water with low Ω into the surface layer to drive large ΔΩ anomalies of −0.15 (up to 58% of ΔΩ). Sea-ice meltwater provided a minor source of carbonate ions, slightly counteracting dilution effects. Ice-free surface waters were substantial sinks for atmospheric CO₂, where uptake of 20.5 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹ lowered surface water Ω. “Atlantification” could exacerbate or alleviate acidification of the Arctic Ocean, being highly dependent on the numerous factors examined here that are intricately linked to the sea ice-ocean system variability.

斯瓦尔巴群岛大陆架和大西洋北冰洋是向北流动的大西洋水和北极冰盖水域之间的过渡带。区域海洋变暖、海冰损失以及大西洋水或“大西洋化”对海洋酸化状态的更大影响，即碳酸钙 (CaCO ₃ ) 饱和度 (Ω) 的影响尚未完全了解。通过考虑 Ω_文石的可变性确定气候脆弱的 CaCO ₃矿物文石 (ΔΩ)表层 Ω 的异常2014 年至 2017 年每年夏末相对于四年平均值。2014 年最大的海冰范围和更多类似北极的条件导致 ΔΩ 异常为 -0.05 至 -0.01（高达总 ΔΩ 的 45%），这是由于初级生产较低的结果。相反，2015 年更大的大西洋水影响为无冰表层提供了硝酸盐，这延长了初级生产，从而在更多类似大西洋的条件下驱动 ΔΩ 异常为 0.01 至 0.06（高达总 ΔΩ 的 45%）。此外，CaCO _{3 的}溶解增加碳酸根离子浓度，使 ΔΩ 异常值高达 0.06（高达总 ΔΩ 的 52%）。这些过程增强了地表水Ω，该区域的表面水Ω 介于 2.01 和 2.65 之间。2016 年和 2017 年最近的海冰退缩（冰盖在 30 天内减少约 4% 的速度）创造了大西洋-北极过渡条件，其中地表水 Ω 在 1.87 和 2.29 之间变化，由 -0.10 至 0.01 的 ΔΩ 异常驱动融水输入和北极水域的影响。来自减少的 CaCO _{3 的}异常低至 -0.122016 年的解散进一步抑制了 Ω。2017 年的风驱动混合将低 Ω 的大西洋水带入表层，以驱动 -0.15 的大 ΔΩ 异常（高达 ΔΩ 的 58%）。海冰融水提供了少量碳酸根离子，略微抵消了稀释效应。无冰地表水是大气CO _{2 的}大量汇，其中20.5 mmol m ^-2 day ^{-1 的}吸收降低了地表水Ω。“大西洋化”可能会加剧或减轻北冰洋的酸化，这在很大程度上取决于这里研究的众多因素，这些因素与海冰-海洋系统的变异性有着错综复杂的联系。