Understanding germline specification in plants could be advantageous for agricultural applications. In recent decades, substantial efforts have been made to understand germline specification in several plant species, including Arabidopsis, rice, and maize. However, our knowledge of germline specification in many agronomically important plant species remains obscure. Here, we characterized the female germline specification and subsequent female gametophyte development in pineapple using callose staining, cytological, and whole-mount immunolocalization analyses. We also determined the male germline specification and gametophyte developmental timeline and observed male meiotic behavior using chromosome spreading assays. Furthermore, we identified 229 genes that are preferentially expressed at the megaspore mother cell (MMC) stage during ovule development and 478 genes that are preferentially expressed at the pollen mother cell (PMC) stage of anther development using comparative transcriptomic analysis. The biological functions, associated regulatory pathways and expression patterns of these genes were also analyzed. Our study provides a convenient cytological reference for exploring pineapple germline development and a molecular basis for the future functional analysis of germline specification in related plant species.

中文翻译：

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菠萝种系发育特征和与种系规范相关的基因鉴定

了解植物中的种系规范可能有利于农业应用。近几十年来，为了了解包括拟南芥、水稻和玉米在内的几种植物物种的种系规格，人们付出了巨大的努力。然而，我们对许多重要农艺植物物种的种系规范的了解仍然模糊不清。在这里，我们使用胼胝质染色、细胞学和整体免疫定位分析来描述菠萝中的雌性种系规范和随后的雌性配子体发育。我们还确定了雄性种系规范和配子体发育时间表，并使用染色体扩散分析观察了雄性减数分裂行为。此外，我们使用比较转录组学分析鉴定了 229 个在胚珠发育期间在大孢子母细胞 (MMC) 阶段优先表达的基因和 478 个在花药发育的花粉母细胞 (PMC) 阶段优先表达的基因。还分析了这些基因的生物学功能、相关调控途径和表达模式。我们的研究为探索菠萝种系发育提供了方便的细胞学参考，并为未来相关植物物种种系规格的功能分析提供了分子基础。还分析了这些基因的相关调控途径和表达模式。我们的研究为探索菠萝种系发育提供了方便的细胞学参考，并为未来相关植物物种种系规格的功能分析提供了分子基础。还分析了这些基因的相关调控途径和表达模式。我们的研究为探索菠萝种系发育提供了方便的细胞学参考，并为未来相关植物物种种系规格的功能分析提供了分子基础。