The Rosaceae family has striking phenotypic diversity and high syntenic conservation. Gillenia trifoliata is sister species to the Maleae tribe of apple and ~1000 other species. Gillenia has many putative ancestral features, such as herb/sub-shrub habit, dry fruit-bearing and nine base chromosomes. This coalescence of ancestral characters in a phylogenetically important species, positions Gillenia as a ‘rosetta stone’ for translational science within Rosaceae. We present genomic and phenological resources to facilitate the use of Gillenia for this purpose. The Gillenia genome is the first fully annotated chromosome-level assembly with an ancestral genome complement (x = 9), and with it we developed an improved model of the Rosaceae ancestral genome. MADS and NAC gene family analyses revealed genome dynamics correlated with growth and reproduction and we demonstrate how Gillenia can be a negative control for studying fleshy fruit development in Rosaceae.

中文翻译：

---

Gillenia trifoliata 基因组揭示了与蔷薇科生长和繁殖相关的动力学

蔷薇科具有惊人的表型多样性和高度的同线保守性。金莲花是苹果的 Maleae 部落和约 1000 种其他物种的姐妹物种。吉列尼亚具有许多假定的祖先特征，例如草本/亚灌木习性，干果和九个碱基染色体。这种在系统发育上重要的物种中祖先特征的结合，位置吉列尼亚作为蔷薇科转化科学的“罗塞塔石”。我们提供基因组和物候资源以促进使用吉列尼亚以此目的。这吉列尼亚基因组是第一个具有祖先基因组补体的完全注释的染色体水平组装（X= 9），并用它开发了一种改进的蔷薇科祖先基因组模型。MADS 和 NAC 基因家族分析揭示了与生长和繁殖相关的基因组动态，我们展示了如何吉列尼亚可以作为研究蔷薇科肉质果实发育的阴性对照。