This article analyses the European Union's competences in the energy sector. It focuses on Article 194(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, which affords EU Member States the right to determine the conditions for exploiting their energy resources, the choice between different energy sources and the general structure of their energy supply. This article traces the constitutional development of EU competences in the energy sector to demonstrate the relevance of Article 194(2) TFEU in the current constitutional, international and sector-specific contexts of EU energy law. It analyses the recent case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which shows that the scope of Article 194(2) TFEU is considerably narrower in practice than its wording implies. The article concludes by evaluating the implications of this narrow interpretation on the future development of EU energy law and, in a broader context, on the reach of EU energy and climate policy.

中文翻译：

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TFEU​​ 第 194(2) 条规定的国家主权范围和欧盟在能源领域的能力演变

本文分析了欧盟在能源领域的能力。它侧重于《欧盟运作条约》第 194(2) 条，该条赋予欧盟成员国确定开发其能源资源的条件、不同能源之间的选择及其能源供应的总体结构的权利. 本文追溯了欧盟在能源领域能力的宪法发展，以证明 TFEU 第 194(2) 条在当前欧盟能源法的宪法、国际和特定行业背景下的相关性。它分析了欧盟法院最近的判例法，表明 TFEU 第 194(2) 条的范围在实践中比其措辞所暗示的要窄得多。