Although vitamin D is related to cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength, there is no evidence in the literature about the genetic influence of the response to vitamin D supplementation and improvements in these parameters. Therefore, we evaluate the effect of longitudinal supplementation of vitamin D on parameters of physical fitness in monozygotic twins. In total, 74 participants were included, with a mean age of 25 years, divided into two groups, one group received supplementation with cholecalciferol for 60 days and the other group did not. Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength were measured before and after supplementation through maximal treadmill tests and dynamometry, respectively. Wilcoxon tests were used to compare intragroup results and the Mann–Whitney test to examine intergroup differences. There was an increase in the serum concentration of vitamin D in participants who ingested the supplementation. Cardiorespiratory fitness improved after supplementation through increases in the values of maximum oxygen consumption of 28% (p < .001). Muscle strength in left hand grip increased 18% in participants who received the supplement (p = .007). Sixty days of cholecalciferol supplementation improved cardiorespiratory fitness and upper limb muscle strength.

尽管维生素 D 与心肺健康和肌肉力量有关，但文献中没有证据表明对维生素 D 补充剂的反应和这些参数的改善的遗传影响。因此，我们评估了纵向补充维生素 D 对单卵双胞胎体能参数的影响。共纳入 74 名参与者，平均年龄 25 岁，分为两组，一组补充胆钙化醇 60 天，另一组不补充。分别通过最大跑步机测试和测力法测量补充前后的心肺健康和肌肉力量。Wilcoxon 检验用于比较组内结果，Mann-Whitney 检验用于检查组间差异。服用补充剂的参与者的血清维生素 D 浓度有所增加。通过增加 28% 的最大耗氧量值，补充后心肺健康得到改善（p  < .001)。接受补充剂的参与者左手握力增加了 18% ( p  = .007)。六十天的胆钙化醇补充剂改善了心肺健康和上肢肌肉力量。